Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2021 May 10;198:114018. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114018. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
Caesalpinia bonduc and C. decapeleta var. japonica have great importance in traditional medicine systems but scientific information's are still lacking for their potentials. To explore their bioactivity, we assessed the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory abilities of the dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts prepared from the leaves and bark. The cytotoxicity and anticancer properties of the extracts were also assessed in vitro. The water extract of C. decapeleta leaves possessed highest phenolic content (108.16 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract), while the highest flavonoid content was recorded for the C. bonduc leaf methanolic extract (27.89 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g extract). In general, C. decapeleta extracts possessed higher radical scavenging potential compared to C. bonduc extracts. C. decapeleta DCM leaves extract (10.20 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g extract) showed highest inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase. The cytotoxicity of the most potent methanolic and aqueous extracts were assessed against four cell lines. The chemical profiles of both species appeared to be different. C. bonduc was abundant in organic and phenolic acids as well as their esters. Flavonoid glycosides, bonducellin and its derivatives and caesalminaxins were identified. Whereas, C. decalpetala possessed many galloylated compounds. The cytotoxicity of C. bonduc and C. decapetala extracts was tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based assay on VERO (kidney of an adult African Green monkey cells), HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma cells), RKO (human colon carcinoma cells), FaDu (human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells) cell lines. C. bonduc bark water extract exhibited the highest cytotoxicity towards HeLa (50 % cytotoxic concentration (CC): 28.5 μg/mL) cancer cell line, as compared to normal VERO cells (CC:35.87 μg/mL). For C. decapetala, the highest cytotoxicity was found for bark methanol extract on the HeLa cells with CC of 46.08 μg/mL and selectivity index of 3.33. In the gene ontology analysis, prostate cancer, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling, proteoglycans in cancer pathways might support the results of the cytotoxic assays. These results showed that the tested Caesalpinia species, showing potent inhibitory action against butyrylcholinesterase, might represent novel phytotherapeutic avenues for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
巴豆和巴豆藤具有重要的传统医学价值，但目前仍缺乏其潜在用途的科学信息。为了探索它们的生物活性，我们评估了从叶片和树皮中提取的二氯甲烷（DCM）、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和水提取物的抗氧化和酶抑制能力。还在体外评估了提取物的细胞毒性和抗癌特性。巴豆藤叶片的水提取物具有最高的酚含量（108.16mg 没食子酸当量（GAE）/g 提取物），而巴豆叶片甲醇提取物具有最高的黄酮含量（27.89mg 芦丁当量（RE）/g 提取物）。一般来说，巴豆藤提取物的自由基清除潜力高于巴豆提取物。巴豆藤 DCM 叶片提取物（10.20mg 石杉碱甲当量（GALAE）/g 提取物）对丁酰胆碱酯酶表现出最高的抑制作用。评估了最有效甲醇和水提取物对四种细胞系的细胞毒性。两种物种的化学特征似乎不同。巴豆含有丰富的有机和酚酸及其酯类，以及黄酮苷、bonducellin 及其衍生物和 caesalminaxins。而，巴豆藤含有许多酯化的化合物。使用 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴盐（MTT）基于 VERO（成年非洲绿猴肾脏细胞）、HeLa（人宫颈腺癌细胞）、RKO（人结肠癌细胞）、 FaDu（人下咽鳞状细胞癌）细胞系的测定法测试了巴豆和巴豆藤提取物的细胞毒性。巴豆藤树皮水提取物对 HeLa 细胞（50%细胞毒性浓度（CC）：28.5μg/mL）表现出最高的细胞毒性，而对正常 VERO 细胞（CC：35.87μg/mL）则没有。对于巴豆藤，在 HeLa 细胞上，树皮甲醇提取物的细胞毒性最高，CC 为 46.08μg/mL，选择性指数为 3.33。在基因本体论分析中，前列腺癌、核因子 kappa B（NF-kappa B）信号、癌症途径中的蛋白聚糖可能支持细胞毒性测定的结果。这些结果表明，测试的巴豆属植物对丁酰胆碱酯酶具有很强的抑制作用，可能为阿尔茨海默病的管理提供新的植物治疗途径。
