Israel Center on Addiction (ICA), Netanya, Israel,
Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel,
Eur Addict Res. 2021;27(5):362-370. doi: 10.1159/000513776. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, having a profound and global impact on health, well-being, safety, and productivity. Although traditionally the prevalence of SUDs in Israel has been estimated to be lower than those in high-income countries, estimates and characteristics of individuals with SUDs in the past decade are lacking. In this work, we explored the prevalence of SUDs among the adult Jewish population in Israel, per different classes of substances across sex, age group, and other sociodemographic factors.
Data from an online representative sample of 4,025 respondents were collected, including the alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) metric and sociodemographic data.
We found that the most common SUDs were alcohol (10.5% [9.5-11.4]), cannabis (9.0% [8.2-9.9]), and sedative (3.6% [3.0-4.2]) use disorders. Alcohol-cannabis (3.2% [2.7-3.7]) and alcohol-sedative (1.04% [0.7-1.35]) were the most prevalent co-occurring SUDs. Among those with cannabis use disorder, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder was found to be 35.3% [30.4-40.2]. The estimated risk for alcohol use disorder was found to be inversely proportional to age, cannabis use disorder increased, peaked, and decreased with age, and that of sedative use disorder increased with age, particularly among women. While older individuals (in the 51-60 years of age group) were at lower risk (OR = 0.5 [0.3, 0.8]) compared to those <20 years of age for alcohol use disorder, they were at increased risk for sedative use disorder (OR = 3.1 [1.2, 9.7]).
These findings represent substantially higher rates of SUDs in Israel than those previously reported and should affect resources allocated to addiction prevention and treatment. Further research on the role of gender, age, culture, and ethnicity in the propensity to develop SUDs is necessary for the development of more focused preventive and intervention measures. Focusing on non-Jewish populations in Israel and broadening the scope to include behavioral addictions should be addressed in future studies.
物质使用障碍（SUDs）是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因，对健康、福利、安全和生产力造成了深远的全球性影响。尽管传统上估计以色列的 SUD 患病率低于高收入国家，但过去十年中 SUD 患者的估计和特征尚不清楚。在这项工作中，我们探讨了以色列成年犹太人口中不同物质类别（按性别、年龄组和其他社会人口因素划分）的 SUD 患病率。
收集了来自 4025 名受访者的在线代表性样本的数据，包括酒精、吸烟和物质使用障碍筛查测试（ASSIST）指标以及社会人口统计学数据。
我们发现最常见的 SUD 是酒精（10.5%[9.5-11.4]）、大麻（9.0%[8.2-9.9]）和镇静剂（3.6%[3.0-4.2]）使用障碍。酒精-大麻（3.2%[2.7-3.7]）和酒精-镇静剂（1.04%[0.7-1.35]）是最常见的共病 SUD。在患有大麻使用障碍的人群中，发现酒精使用障碍的患病率为 35.3%[30.4-40.2]。发现酒精使用障碍的风险与年龄呈反比，大麻使用障碍随年龄增加、达到峰值并减少，而镇静剂使用障碍随年龄增加，尤其是在女性中。与 20 岁以下的人相比，年龄较大的人（51-60 岁年龄组）患酒精使用障碍的风险较低（OR=0.5[0.3, 0.8]），但患镇静剂使用障碍的风险较高（OR=3.1[1.2, 9.7]）。
这些发现代表了以色列 SUD 率大大高于之前的报告，应该影响到预防和治疗成瘾的资源分配。需要进一步研究性别、年龄、文化和种族在发展 SUD 倾向中的作用，以便制定更有针对性的预防和干预措施。未来的研究应关注以色列的非犹太人口，并扩大范围以包括行为成瘾。
