Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021 May 1;320(5):G880-G887. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00014.2021. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
The meticulous regulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is required for the coordination of gastric motility and emptying, intestinal secretion, absorption, and transit as well as for the overarching management of food intake and energy homeostasis. Disruption of GI functions is associated with the development of severe GI disorders and the alteration of food intake and caloric balance. Functional GI disorders as well as the dysregulation of energy balance and food intake are frequently associated with, or result from, alterations in the central regulation of GI control. The faithful and rapid transmission of information from the stomach and upper GI tract to second-order neurons of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) relies on the delicate modulation of excitatory glutamatergic transmission, as does the relay of integrated signals from the NTS to parasympathetic efferent neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Many studies have focused on understanding the physiological and pathophysiological modulation of these glutamatergic synapses, although their role in the control and regulation of GI functions has lagged behind that of cardiovascular and respiratory functions. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature exploring the role of glutamatergic transmission in the DVC in the regulation of GI functions.
胃肠道（GI）的精细调节对于胃动力和排空、肠道分泌、吸收和转运的协调以及食物摄入和能量平衡的全面管理是必需的。GI 功能的紊乱与严重的 GI 疾病的发展以及食物摄入和热量平衡的改变有关。功能性 GI 疾病以及能量平衡和食物摄入的失调经常与 GI 控制的中枢调节的改变有关，或者是由其导致的。从胃和上 GI 道到孤束核（NTS）的二级神经元的信息的准确和快速传递依赖于兴奋性谷氨酸能传递的精细调节，而从 NTS 到迷走神经背核（DMV）的副交感传出神经元的整合信号的传递也是如此。许多研究都集中在理解这些谷氨酸能突触的生理和病理生理学调节上，尽管它们在 GI 功能的控制和调节中的作用落后于心血管和呼吸功能。本文的目的是检查目前的文献，探讨在调节 GI 功能中，DMV 中的谷氨酸能传递的作用。
