Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2021 May 1;60(3):337-340. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-20-000112. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Anesthesia in rhesus macaques is required for many procedures. Although ketamine is the backbone of most anesthetic protocols, tolerance to the drug can develop, resulting in the need for higher doses to provide sufficient restraint. Combination with other drugs, such as α-agonists, can be ketamine-sparing, providing for sufficient restraint at lower ketamine doses. In addition, because α-agonists are reversible, recovery from anesthesia has the potential to be much shorter. We hypothesized that use of a low dose of ketamine with a high dose of dexmedetomidine, an α2 receptor selective agonist, in male and female rhesus macaques less than 15 y of age would provide adequate anesthesia for short procedures and that recovery would be faster than in macaques given a higher dose of ketamine (10 mg/kg) alone. We found that the combination, in conjunction with atipamezole for reversal, provided smooth induction of anesthesia and significantly shorter recovery time than did ketamine alone, with no significant effects of sex. The combination of low dose ketamine and high dose dexmedetomidine also provided a 30-min window of anesthesia with analgesia sufficient for mild to moderately painful procedures.
在许多手术中，恒河猴需要进行麻醉。虽然氯胺酮是大多数麻醉方案的基础，但对药物的耐受性可能会发展，导致需要更高的剂量才能提供足够的约束。与其他药物联合使用，如α-激动剂，可以减少氯胺酮的使用，在较低的氯胺酮剂量下提供足够的约束。此外，由于 α-激动剂是可逆的，麻醉恢复的时间可能会更短。我们假设在 15 岁以下的雄性和雌性恒河猴中使用低剂量的氯胺酮和高剂量的右美托咪定（一种α2 受体选择性激动剂），可以为短期手术提供足够的麻醉，并且恢复速度比单独使用高剂量氯胺酮（10mg/kg）更快。我们发现，与单独使用氯胺酮相比，这种联合用药加上阿替美唑逆转，可实现平稳诱导麻醉，并显著缩短恢复时间，而性别无显著影响。低剂量氯胺酮和高剂量右美托咪定的联合用药还提供了 30 分钟的麻醉镇痛窗口，足以满足轻度到中度疼痛的手术。
