elSohly H N, Stanford D F, Jones A B, elSohly M A, Snyder H, Pedersen C
Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University.
J Forensic Sci. 1988 Mar;33(2):347-56.
In this study, poppy seeds were examined for a natural constituent that might serve as a maker for the seeds' ingestion as opposed to opiate abuse. Thebaine was selected as possible marker, since it was found to be a component of all poppy seeds examined and was not a natural component of different heroin samples. During the course of this investigation, a new extraction and cleanup procedure was developed for the gas chromatographic/nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC/NPD) and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of morphine and codeine in urine. A linear response, over a concentration range of 25 to 600 ng/mL, was obtained for codeine and morphine (r = 0.9982 and 0.9947, respectively). The minimum detectable level (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for morphine were 10 and 30 ng/mL, respectively; whereas LOD and LOQ for codeine were 2 and 8 ng/mL, respectively. The coefficients of variance (CV, n = 6) for morphine and codeine analyses at the 100-ng/mL level were 13.3 and 4.6%, respectively. This procedure was used for the analysis of urine samples from five poppy seed eaters who each ingested 200 g of poppy seed cake. Results indicated that significant amounts of morphine and codeine are excreted in urine and that in all subjects, at least at one point in time, the apparent morphine concentration as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) analysis exceeded the cutoff value (300 ng/mL) established for screening. Thebaine was not detected in urine specimens collected following poppy seeds ingestion and thus could not be used as a marker.
在本研究中，对罂粟籽进行了检测，以寻找一种天然成分，该成分可作为摄入罂粟籽的标志物，而非阿片类药物滥用的标志物。选择蒂巴因作为可能的标志物，因为发现它是所有检测的罂粟籽的一种成分，且不是不同海洛因样品的天然成分。在这项调查过程中，开发了一种新的提取和净化程序，用于尿液中吗啡和可待因的气相色谱/氮磷检测（GC/NPD）和气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析。可待因和吗啡在25至600 ng/mL的浓度范围内获得了线性响应（r分别为0.9982和0.9947）。吗啡的最低检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为10和30 ng/mL；而可待因的LOD和LOQ分别为2和8 ng/mL。在100 ng/mL水平下，吗啡和可待因分析的变异系数（CV，n = 6）分别为13.3%和4.6%。该程序用于分析五名食用罂粟籽者的尿液样本，他们每人食用了200克罂粟籽蛋糕。结果表明，尿液中排出了大量的吗啡和可待因，并且在所有受试者中，至少在某个时间点，通过放射免疫分析（RIA）测定的表观吗啡浓度超过了用于筛查的临界值（300 ng/mL）。在摄入罂粟籽后采集的尿液标本中未检测到蒂巴因，因此它不能用作标志物。
