Salinas-Hernández Ximena I, Duvarci Sevil
Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2021 Mar 1;13:635879. doi: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.635879. eCollection 2021.
The ability to extinguish fear memories when threats are no longer present is critical for adaptive behavior. Fear extinction represents a new learning process that eventually leads to the formation of extinction memories. Understanding the neural basis of fear extinction has considerable clinical significance as deficits in extinction learning are the hallmark of human anxiety disorders. In recent years, the dopamine (DA) system has emerged as one of the key regulators of fear extinction. In this review article, we highlight recent advances that have demonstrated the crucial role DA plays in mediating different phases of fear extinction. Emerging concepts and outstanding questions for future research are also discussed.
当威胁不再存在时消除恐惧记忆的能力对于适应性行为至关重要。恐惧消退代表了一个新的学习过程，最终导致消退记忆的形成。了解恐惧消退的神经基础具有重要的临床意义，因为消退学习缺陷是人类焦虑症的标志。近年来，多巴胺（DA）系统已成为恐惧消退的关键调节因子之一。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点介绍了最近的进展，这些进展证明了DA在介导恐惧消退的不同阶段所起的关键作用。还讨论了新兴概念和未来研究的突出问题。
