Furuichi Yasuro, Kawabata Yuki, Aoki Miho, Mita Yoshitaka, Fujii Nobuharu L, Manabe Yasuko
Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Mar 1;9:640399. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640399. eCollection 2021.
Glucose is a major energy source consumed by proliferating mammalian cells. Therefore, in general, proliferating cells have the preference of high glucose contents in extracellular environment. Here, we showed that high glucose concentrations impede the proliferation of satellite cells, which are muscle-specific stem cells, under adherent culture conditions. We found that the proliferation activity of satellite cells was higher in glucose-free DMEM growth medium (low-glucose medium with a glucose concentration of 2 mM) than in standard glucose DMEM (high-glucose medium with a glucose concentration of 19 mM). Satellite cells cultured in the high-glucose medium showed a decreased population of reserve cells, identified by staining for Pax7 expression, suggesting that glucose concentration affects cell fate determination. In conclusion, glucose is a factor that decides the cell fate of skeletal muscle-specific stem cells. Due to this unique feature of satellite cells, hyperglycemia may negatively affect the regenerative capability of skeletal muscle myofibers and thus facilitate sarcopenia.
葡萄糖是增殖中的哺乳动物细胞消耗的主要能量来源。因此，一般来说，增殖细胞倾向于细胞外环境中高葡萄糖含量。在此，我们表明，在贴壁培养条件下，高葡萄糖浓度会阻碍卫星细胞（肌肉特异性干细胞）的增殖。我们发现，无葡萄糖的DMEM生长培养基（葡萄糖浓度为2 mM的低葡萄糖培养基）中卫星细胞的增殖活性高于标准葡萄糖DMEM（葡萄糖浓度为19 mM的高葡萄糖培养基）。在高葡萄糖培养基中培养的卫星细胞显示，通过Pax7表达染色鉴定的储备细胞数量减少，这表明葡萄糖浓度会影响细胞命运的决定。总之，葡萄糖是决定骨骼肌特异性干细胞细胞命运的一个因素。由于卫星细胞的这一独特特性，高血糖可能会对骨骼肌肌纤维的再生能力产生负面影响，从而促进肌肉减少症。
