口罩和 FFP3 呼吸器在护士中的适配因子合规性：一项病例对照性别研究。
Fit factor compliance of masks and FFP3 respirators in nurses: A case-control gender study.
机构信息
Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Grupo de investigación emergente "Resultados en Salud y Actividad Física en Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología", Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Direction, Staub Engineering, Oviedo, Spain.
出版信息
J Adv Nurs. 2021 Jul;77(7):3073-3082. doi: 10.1111/jan.14823. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
AIMS
To determine the fit factor and compliance with American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements of surgical masks and filtering respirators in male versus female nurses.
DESIGN
A case-control gender study performed from 2016 to 2019.
METHODS
A gender and age matched-paired sample of 74 nurses was recruited and divided into men (n = 37) and women (n = 37). FFP3 filtering respirators and surgical masks fit factors were compared between male and female nurses by Mann-Whitney U tests. These measurements were tested to pass or fail according to the OSHA (≥100) and AIHA (≥50) criteria by Fisher exact tests for a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
Global fit factor mean (standard deviation) was 2.86 (2.73) and 3.55 (6.34) for male and female nurses wearing surgical masks (p = .180), respectively, and nobody passed neither OSHA nor AIHA criteria (p = 1.00). Nevertheless, global fit factor were 30.82 (28.42) and 49.65 (43.04) for male and female nurses wearing FFP3 respirators, respectively, being significantly lower and worse in male nurses (p = .037). According to OSHA criteria, only 2.70% and 13.51% of male and females nurses, respectively, passed with non-significant difference (p = .199), meanwhile 21.62% and 48.64% of male and female nurses, respectively, passed AIHA criteria showing significant differences (p = .027) wearing FFP3 respirators.
CONCLUSIONS
All male and female nurses wearing surgical masks failed to pass OSHA and AIHA criteria. Global fit factor of the proposed FFP3 filtering respirators was decreased and worse in male than female nurses.
IMPACT
Our recommendation is to avoid surgical masks use for protective purposes and use the proposed FFP3 filtering respirators among nurses. Each nurse should be fit tested for its own respirator with special caution in male nurses due to their lower fit factor achieved and most of them failed to pass OSHA and AIHA criteria, especially during COVID-19 pandemic.
目的
确定外科口罩和过滤式呼吸防护器在男性和女性护士中的适合因子和符合美国工业卫生协会（AIHA）和职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）要求的情况。
设计
2016 年至 2019 年进行的病例对照性别研究。
方法
招募了 74 名性别和年龄匹配的护士，并将其分为男性（n=37）和女性（n=37）。通过 Mann-Whitney U 检验比较男性和女性护士的 FFP3 过滤式呼吸防护器和外科口罩的适合因子。Fisher 精确检验用于测试这些测量值是否符合 OSHA（≥100）和 AIHA（≥50）标准，置信区间为 95%。
结果
佩戴外科口罩的男性和女性护士的总体适合因子平均值（标准差）分别为 2.86（2.73）和 3.55（6.34）（p=0.180），没有人通过 OSHA 或 AIHA 标准（p=1.00）。然而，佩戴 FFP3 呼吸防护器的男性和女性护士的总体适合因子分别为 30.82（28.42）和 49.65（43.04），男性护士的数值明显较低且较差（p=0.037）。根据 OSHA 标准，只有 2.70%和 13.51%的男性和女性护士分别通过，差异无统计学意义（p=0.199），而分别有 21.62%和 48.64%的男性和女性护士通过 AIHA 标准，差异有统计学意义（p=0.027）。
结论
所有佩戴外科口罩的男性和女性护士均未通过 OSHA 和 AIHA 标准。拟议的 FFP3 过滤式呼吸防护器在男性护士中的整体适合因子降低且较差。
影响
我们建议避免将外科口罩用于防护目的，并在护士中使用拟议的 FFP3 过滤式呼吸防护器。由于男性护士的适合因子较低且大多数未能通过 OSHA 和 AIHA 标准，特别是在 COVID-19 大流行期间，因此应特别注意对每位护士进行其自身呼吸防护器的适合性测试。
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