Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2021 Sep 8;45(5). doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuab014.
While conjugate vaccines against typhoid fever have recently been recommended by the World Health Organization for deployment, the lack of a vaccine against paratyphoid, multidrug resistance and chronic carriage all present challenges for the elimination of enteric fever. In the past decade, the development of in vitro and human challenge models has resulted in major advances in our understanding of enteric fever pathogenesis. In this review, we summarise these advances, outlining mechanisms of host restriction, intestinal invasion, interactions with innate immunity and chronic carriage, and discuss how this knowledge may progress future vaccines and antimicrobials.
虽然伤寒的结合疫苗最近已被世界卫生组织推荐使用，但副伤寒、多药耐药和慢性带菌的疫苗仍缺乏，这对肠道热病的消除带来了挑战。在过去的十年中，体外和人体挑战模型的发展使我们对肠道热病发病机制的理解取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些进展，概述了宿主限制、肠道侵袭、与先天免疫和慢性携带的相互作用的机制，并讨论了这些知识如何推动未来疫苗和抗菌药物的发展。
