Repeatability and reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient and fat fraction measurement of focal myeloma lesions on whole body magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE

To assess intra- and inter-reader variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fat fraction (FF) measurement in focal myeloma bone lesions and the influence of lesion size.

METHODS

22 myeloma patients with focal active disease on whole body MRI were included. Two readers outlined a small (5-10 mm) and large lesion (>10 mm) in each subject on derived ADC and FF maps; one reader performed this twice. Intra- and inter-reader agreement for small and large lesion groups were calculated for derived statistics from each map using within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation, interclass correlation coefficient measures, and visualized with Bland-Altman plots.

RESULTS

For mean ADC, intra- and inter-reader repeatability demonstrated equivalently low coefficient of variation (3.0-3.6%) and excellent interclass correlation coefficient (0.975-0.982) for both small and large lesions. For mean FF, intra- and inter-reader repeatability was significantly poorer for small lesions compared to large lesions (intra-reader within-subject standard variation estimate is 2.7 times higher for small lesions than large lesions ( = 0.0071), and for inter-reader variations is 3.8 times higher ( = 0.0070)).

CONCLUSION

There is excellent intra- and inter-reader agreement for mean ADC estimates, even for lesions as small as 5 mm. For FF measurements, there is a significant increase in coefficient of variation for smaller lesions, suggesting lesions >10 mm should be selected for lesion FF measurement.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE

ADC measurements of focal myeloma have excellent intra- and inter-reader agreement. FF measurements are more susceptible to lesion size as intra- and inter-reader agreement is significantly impaired in lesions less than 10 mm.