Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Am Psychol. 2021 Feb-Mar;76(2):268-283. doi: 10.1037/amp0000769.
Justice-involved youth experience high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), placing them in great need of behavioral health treatment and risk for continued justice involvement. Policymakers, government agencies, and professionals working with justice-involved youth have called for trauma-informed juvenile justice reform. Yet, there is currently no available review of the literature on ACEs and their impact on justice-involved youths' psychological, legal, and related (e.g., academic) outcomes to rigorously guide such reform efforts. The current systematic scoping review synthesizes existing literature related to the impact of ACEs on justice-involved youth and offers recommendations for data-driven intervention along the Sequential Intercept Model, which describes five different points of justice system contact (i.e., first arrest, court diversion, detention, and community supervision) in which there is opportunity to intervene and improve youth behavioral health, legal, and associated outcomes. Eight unique studies were included in 40 articles examining ACEs among justice-involved youth; 38% were longitudinal or prospective analyses and none were intervention studies. Studies included delinquency (e.g., recidivism; n = 5), psychiatric (n = 4), substance use (n = 3), and other (n = 2; e.g., academic, pregnancy) outcomes, documenting high prevalence of ACEs and significant associations between ACEs and a variety of outcomes. Implications for clinical services (e.g., targeting youth dysregulation and aggression), agency context (e.g., training police officers in trauma-responsive practices), and system-level changes (e.g., intervening at the time of first ACE documentation such as parent's arrest) are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
有犯罪记录的青少年经历过较高比例的不良儿童经历（ACEs），这使他们非常需要行为健康治疗，并有可能继续卷入司法系统。政策制定者、政府机构和与有犯罪记录的青少年合作的专业人员呼吁进行以创伤为中心的少年司法改革。然而，目前尚无关于 ACEs 及其对有犯罪记录的青少年心理、法律和相关（例如，学术）结果影响的文献综述，无法严格指导此类改革工作。本系统评价综述综合了现有文献，探讨了 ACEs 对有犯罪记录的青少年的影响，并为沿着描述司法系统五个不同接触点（即初次被捕、法庭转移、拘留和社区监管）的连续拦截模型提供了数据驱动干预建议，在这些接触点有机会进行干预，以改善青少年的行为健康、法律和相关结果。有 8 项独特的研究被纳入了 40 篇关于有犯罪记录的青少年 ACEs 的研究中；其中 38%为纵向或前瞻性分析，没有一项是干预研究。这些研究包括犯罪行为（例如，累犯；n = 5）、精神疾病（n = 4）、物质使用（n = 3）和其他（n = 2；例如，学业、怀孕）结果，记录了 ACEs 的高患病率，以及 ACEs 与各种结果之间的显著关联。讨论了对临床服务的影响（例如，针对青少年的失调和攻击行为）、机构背景（例如，培训警察进行创伤反应实践）和系统层面的变化（例如，在父母被捕等首次 ACE 记录时进行干预）。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
