Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 18;16(3):e0247157. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247157. eCollection 2021.
Migrant populations usually report higher smoking rates. Among those migrant populations, Turkish- and Kurdish-speaking migrants are often overrepresented. Providing equal access to health services is one of the major challenges of our time. The need for adapted smoking-cessation treatments for Turkish-speaking populations to achieve equity in health led, in 2006, to the development and implementation of the Tiryaki-Kukla smoking-cessation program. The aims of the current study were to evaluate one-year quit rates for smoking-cessation courses held from 2006-2018 and investigate whether certain characteristics predict long-term smoking cessation or reduction.
Program evaluation included a pre/post questionnaire (session 1/ 3 months after the quit day) and a follow-up telephone call twelve months after the quit day. To elucidate factors associated with long-term smoking cessation and reduction, Cox regression analysis and Weighted Generalized Equation Models were used.
Of the 478 who participated in smoking-cessation courses, 45.4% declared themselves non-smokers at one-year follow-up. This quit rate is higher than that achieved during the preliminary evaluation of the program involving 61 participants (37.7%). Predictors of long-term smoking cessation were course length (eight vs. six sessions) (95% CI = 1.04-1.36, p = .01), adherence to the course (95% CI = 0.98-0.99, p<0.01), use of pharmacotherapy or nicotine replacement therapy products (95% CI = 0.74-0.98, p = .02), and time passed in the morning until the first cigarette is smoked (95% CI5min = 1.17-1.77, p<0.001; 95% CI30min = 1.09-1.65, p<0.01). Predictors of change in cigarettes smoked per day among smokers were-the time passed until the first cigarette in the morning (5min p < .001; 30min p < .001; 60min p < .01)-, gender (p < .001), and level of motivation to quit at baseline (p = .04).
Our findings are consistent with existing evidence supporting adapted smoking cessation interventions to reduce health inequity in migrant populations. However, achieving harm reduction in smokers with higher dependence scores remains challenging.
移民群体通常报告更高的吸烟率。在这些移民群体中，讲土耳其语和库尔德语的移民往往更为突出。为所有人提供平等获得卫生服务的机会是我们这个时代的主要挑战之一。为了实现健康公平，需要为讲土耳其语的人群提供适应性更强的戒烟治疗，这导致了 2006 年开发和实施 Tiryaki-Kukla 戒烟计划。本研究的目的是评估从 2006 年至 2018 年举办的戒烟课程的一年戒烟率，并调查某些特征是否可以预测长期戒烟或减少吸烟量。
该方案评估包括在课程开始前（第 1 次）/戒烟后 3 个月（第 3 次）进行问卷调查，以及在戒烟后 12 个月进行电话随访。为了阐明与长期戒烟和减少吸烟量相关的因素，我们使用了 Cox 回归分析和加权广义方程模型。
在参加戒烟课程的 478 人中，45.4%的人在 1 年随访时宣布自己不再吸烟。这个戒烟率高于该计划初步评估中涉及的 61 名参与者（37.7%）的戒烟率。长期戒烟的预测因素是课程长度（8 节对 6 节）（95%CI=1.04-1.36，p=0.01），对课程的依从性（95%CI=0.98-0.99，p<0.01），药物治疗或尼古丁替代疗法产品的使用（95%CI=0.74-0.98，p=0.02），以及早上到第一支烟之间的时间间隔（5min：95%CI=1.17-1.77，p<0.001；30min：95%CI=1.09-1.65，p<0.01）。吸烟者中每天吸烟量变化的预测因素为-早上第一支烟的时间间隔（5min p <.001；30min p <.001；60min p <.01）-，性别（p <.001）和戒烟时的动机水平（p=0.04）。
我们的发现与支持针对移民人群的适应性戒烟干预以减少健康不公平的现有证据一致。然而，对于那些尼古丁依赖程度较高的吸烟者来说，实现减少危害仍然具有挑战性。
