Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,
Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Eastern Norway, Oslo, Norway,
Caries Res. 2021;55(3):174-182. doi: 10.1159/000514667. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Genetic biomarkers have the potential to be used in personalised dentistry for improved prevention and decision-making in caries management. The amylase alpha 1 gene (AMY1) encodes salivary α-amylase and may be one such biomarker. We examined the association between AMY1 copy number variation (CNV) and dental caries experience in adults.
A stratified random sample of 193 participants from the Lithuanian National Oral Health Survey (LNOHS) agreed to provide saliva samples and were included in this analysis (age 35-44 years; participation rate 43%). Information on socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics was taken from the LNHOS, which used the self-administered World Health Organisation (WHO) questionnaire. Data on fluoride levels in drinking water at the recruitment areas was recorded based on information provided by water suppliers. Dental caries experience was recorded at a surface level (smooth-surface and occlusal-surface decayed, missing, filled surfaces [D3MFS] score) by one trained and calibrated examiner using WHO criteria, and subsequently dichotomised for the statistical analyses. DNA extracted from saliva samples was used to investigate AMY1 CNV using the QX200 droplet digital PCR system. Bivariate and multivariable statistical analyses were employed.
When compared to participants with an AMY1 copy number (CN) of 2-3, higher odds of smooth-surface D3MFS >14 was observed for participants with a CN of 4-5 (OR 13.3, 95% CI 2.1-86.3), 6-9 (OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.4-34.1), and 10-16 (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.2-32.2). Female sex was independently associated with a smooth-surface D3MFS >14 (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.9-17.2).
Our study demonstrated an association between AMY1 CNV and high smooth-surface caries experience. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate this association.
遗传生物标志物有可能用于个性化牙科，以改善龋齿管理中的预防和决策。淀粉酶 α1 基因（AMY1）编码唾液α-淀粉酶，可能就是这样的生物标志物之一。我们研究了 AMY1 拷贝数变异（CNV）与成年人龋齿经历之间的关联。
从立陶宛国家口腔健康调查（LNOHS）中抽取了 193 名符合条件的参与者进行分层随机抽样，他们同意提供唾液样本，并纳入了本分析（年龄 35-44 岁；参与率 43%）。社会人口统计学和行为特征信息来自 LNHOS，该调查采用了世界卫生组织（WHO）的自我管理问卷。根据供水商提供的信息，记录了招募地区饮用水中氟化物水平的数据。根据 WHO 标准，由一名经过培训和校准的检查者在表面水平（光滑表面和咬合面龋齿、缺失、填充表面[D3MFS]评分）记录龋齿经历，并随后对统计分析进行二分类。使用 QX200 液滴数字 PCR 系统从唾液样本中提取的 DNA 用于研究 AMY1 CNV。采用双变量和多变量统计分析。
与 AMY1 拷贝数（CN）为 2-3 的参与者相比，CN 为 4-5（OR 13.3，95%CI 2.1-86.3）、6-9（OR 7.0，95%CI 1.4-34.1）和 10-16（OR 5.8，95%CI 1.2-32.2）的参与者，出现光滑表面 D3MFS>14 的可能性更高。女性是光滑表面 D3MFS>14 的独立相关因素（OR 5.7，95%CI 1.9-17.2）。
我们的研究表明 AMY1 CNV 与高光滑表面龋齿经历之间存在关联。需要更大样本量的研究来验证这种关联。
