Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, 81-712 Sopot, Poland; University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 1;771:144817. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144817. Epub 2021 Jan 26.
The Atlantification of the European Arctic has been an increasingly discussed topic in polar science over the past two decades. The alteration of local marine ecosystems towards a more temperate state and the appearance/range expansion of subarctic-boreal species at higher latitudes is a complex phenomenon induced mainly by the changing properties of Atlantic water (AW) transported from the south. Areas under the direct influence of AW experience biological Atlantification of their communities on all trophic levels, resulting in the growing complexity of arctic food webs. Here, besides summarising the main documented messages of biological Atlantification, we take a critical view on the threat posed on Arctic marine communities. We take into account the formation of the Arctic marine fauna, as well as the nature of (re)colonisation of Arctic sites by boreal organisms when evaluating the extent of the issue. We take a look at the history of Arctic colonisations by boreal organisms in an attempt to identify 'neonative taxa returning home'. We also highlight the role of floating plastic debris as an 'instrument from the toolbox of the Anthropocene' aiding the distribution of marine taxa.
在过去的二十年里，“北极亚特兰提斯化”已成为极地科学中一个备受讨论的话题。局部海洋生态系统向更温和状态的转变，以及亚北极-北方物种在更高纬度的出现/范围扩大，是一个复杂的现象，主要是由从南方输送来的大西洋水（AW）性质变化所引起。直接受到 AW 影响的区域，其在所有营养级上的群落都经历了生物亚特兰提斯化，从而导致北极食物网变得更加复杂。在这里，除了总结生物亚特兰提斯化的主要记录信息外，我们还对北极海洋群落所面临的威胁持批评态度。在评估问题的严重程度时，我们考虑了北极海洋动物群的形成，以及北方生物对北极地区的（再）殖民性质。我们回顾了北极地区北方生物殖民的历史，试图确定“回归故土的新原生生物”。我们还强调了漂浮塑料碎片作为“人类世工具箱中的工具”的作用，它有助于海洋生物类群的分布。
