Centre Valencià d'Estudis sobre el Reg. Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
Centre Valencià d'Estudis sobre el Reg. Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 10;768:144975. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144975. Epub 2021 Jan 30.
Chufa is a traditional crop in L'Horta de València (Spain), a historical agricultural system that has been recognised in the register of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems, managed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and is one of the six protected Mediterranean and metropolitan horticultural fields as per the European Environment Agency. Chufa is a horticultural crop cultivated for its tubers. Our team has carried out different studies to improve the sustainability of chufa crop, particularly the efficiency of irrigation water use; however, the complete irrigation water requirements remain unknown. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the crop coefficient values for chufa crop along its crop cycle using a smart field weighing lysimeter for three consecutive seasons and to determine its irrigation water requirements. The single crop coefficient values are 0.32, 1.40, and 0.80 for the initial stage, mid-season stage, and end of the late season stage, respectively for local conditions and 1.24 and 0.73 for mid- and late season stages, respectively for standard conditions. FAO segmented and second-order polynomial functions are presented to describe the crop coefficient evolution throughout the cycle, and could be used for irrigation scheduling and may lead to important water savings. The average seasonal net irrigation water requirement for chufa crop was approximately 640 mm, representing around 57% of the irrigation depth usually applied by chufa growers. The water savings that may be achieved by the adjustment of irrigation water with irrigation water requirements, using the crop coefficient, would improve, to a great extent, the sustainability of the L'Horta de València historical agricultural system, in view of the water scarcity resulting from climate change. This sustainable irrigation scheduling will improve the ecosystem indices, which have been altered by the application of over-irrigation, in the area.
荸荠是瓦伦西亚（西班牙）洛尔卡地区的传统作物，该地区历史悠久的农业系统已被联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）全球重要农业文化遗产系统登记，并被欧洲环境署列为受保护的六个地中海和大都市园艺领域之一。荸荠是一种作为块茎作物栽培的园艺作物。我们的团队开展了不同的研究来提高荸荠作物的可持续性，特别是提高灌溉水的使用效率；然而，完全的灌溉需水量仍然未知。因此，本研究的主要目的是使用智能田间称重蒸渗仪在三个连续季节确定荸荠作物整个生育期的作物系数值，并确定其灌溉需水量。当地条件下，初始、中期和后期阶段的单作物系数值分别为 0.32、1.40 和 0.80，标准条件下的中期和后期阶段的单作物系数值分别为 1.24 和 0.73。FAO 分段和二阶多项式函数被提出用于描述整个生育期的作物系数演变，可以用于灌溉计划，可能会带来重要的节水效果。荸荠作物的平均季节性净灌溉需水量约为 640mm，约占荸荠种植者通常应用的灌溉深度的 57%。通过用作物系数调整灌溉水与灌溉需水量，可以实现节水，这将在很大程度上提高瓦伦西亚洛尔卡历史农业系统的可持续性，因为气候变化导致水资源短缺。这种可持续的灌溉调度将改善该地区因过度灌溉而改变的生态系统指数。
