Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 143 06 Prague 4, Komorany, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodarenskou vezi 2, 182 07 Prague 8, Czech Republic; National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 10;768:144359. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144359. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
Fog is a very complex phenomenon, relevant to both atmospheric physics and chemistry, contributing to the atmospheric inputs of both nutrients and pollutants to the environment. Fog occurrence is affected by numerous factors. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of terrain on fog occurrence. Namely, we studied in detail how altitude, slope and landform influence the probability of fog occurrence using the generalized additive model. In particular, we investigated how different explanatory variables might modify (deform) the trend and the seasonal component of the probability of fog occurrence. We used long-term records of daily fog occurrence measured in 1981-2017 at 56 professional meteorological stations in Romania, reflecting different environments and geographical areas. The altitude of the sites under review ranged between 13 and 2504 m above sea level, the coverage of localities at different altitudes being highly uneven. Out of the terrain variables considered, the most decisive influence was found to be altitude. We have included information on slope and landform, which refined and bettered the basic model. Our model results indicated a significant decrease in the probability of fog occurrence over the examined period. The behaviour of fog differed according to the altitude, the most profound effects being observed for ground-level fog and fog above flat terrain. The probability of fog occurrence at different altitudes varied mostly in summer and autumn, whereas it was very similar in winter.
雾是一种非常复杂的现象，与大气物理学和化学都有关联，它会向环境中输入营养物质和污染物。雾的出现受众多因素的影响。本研究旨在探讨地形对雾出现的影响。具体来说，我们使用广义加性模型详细研究了海拔、坡度和地形如何影响雾出现的概率。特别是，我们研究了不同解释变量如何改变（变形）雾出现概率的趋势和季节性成分。我们使用了罗马尼亚 1981 年至 2017 年期间在 56 个专业气象站测量的每日雾出现的长期记录，这些记录反映了不同的环境和地理区域。所研究站点的海拔高度在 13 米至 2504 米之间，不同海拔高度的地点覆盖率极不均匀。在所考虑的地形变量中，海拔的影响最为显著。我们还包括了有关坡度和地形的信息，这改进和完善了基本模型。我们的模型结果表明，在研究期间，雾出现的概率显著下降。雾的行为根据海拔而有所不同，在地面雾和平坦地形上观察到的影响最为显著。不同海拔高度的雾出现概率在夏季和秋季变化最大，而在冬季则非常相似。
