Fuentes-López Alberto, Pedreño Sala Aarón, Romera Elena, Galián José
Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Región de Murcia, Spain.
Brigada Provincial de Policía Científica, Comisaría Provincial de Policía Nacional de Alicante, Alicante 03007, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain.
Sci Justice. 2021 Mar;61(2):150-159. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.11.003. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
Studying dipterans at the scene of a death can provide essential information for interpreting the evidence and help to reconstruct the events happened to a corpse in the past. Molecular tools have been employed for identification at specific levels in the cases of cryptic species or poorly conserved specimens. Identification of specimens is essential in forensic entomology since each species has a specific growth rate, which determines the calculation of the minimum post mortem interval (minPMI). In addition, phylogeographic reconstruction within a species can help to differentiate the haplotypes from a geographic area, thereby helping to clarify the possible relocation of a corpse. The morphological identification of Sarcophagidae species is often difficult, especially for the females. This is an important Diptera family since some of its species are among the first to reach a corpse, especially in warm areas. In this study, we compared the sarcophagids found in human corpses in forensic cases in Alicante (southeast of Spain) with specimens collected from baited traps in the same area and surrounding provinces. In total, 189 specimens were collected, comprising 72 from forensic cases and 117 from baited traps. Molecular identification was conducted by sequencing the cox1 mitochondrial gene and analyzing the sequences using ABGD, GMYC, and BIN species delimitation methods. The median joining algorithm in the PopART program was used to construct phylogeographic networks. Eight species in the family Sarcophagidae were identified. The most widely collected species were Sarcophaga argyrostoma and Sarcophaga tibialis. The haplotype networks obtained for these species did not indicate a clear geographic distribution of haplotypes. The S. argyrostoma samples from Alcoy were clearly isolated. The results demonstrated that this method is useful for identifying Sarcophagidae samples in forensic investigations and it can be employed for minPMI estimation.
在死亡现场研究双翅目昆虫可为解读证据提供重要信息，并有助于重现过去发生在尸体上的事件。在隐秘物种或保存不佳的标本案例中，分子工具已被用于特定层面的鉴定。在法医昆虫学中，标本鉴定至关重要，因为每个物种都有特定的生长速度，这决定了最小死后间隔时间（minPMI）的计算。此外，一个物种内的系统地理学重建有助于区分来自某个地理区域的单倍型，从而有助于厘清尸体可能的转移情况。麻蝇科物种的形态学鉴定往往很困难，尤其是对雌性而言。这是一个重要的双翅目科，因为它的一些物种是最早到达尸体的物种之一，特别是在温暖地区。在本研究中，我们将在阿利坎特（西班牙东南部）法医案件中人类尸体上发现的麻蝇与在同一地区及周边省份用诱饵诱捕器收集的标本进行了比较。总共收集了189个标本，其中72个来自法医案件，117个来自诱饵诱捕器。通过对细胞色素氧化酶亚基1（cox1）线粒体基因进行测序，并使用ABGD、GMYC和BIN物种界定方法分析序列来进行分子鉴定。使用PopART程序中的中位数连接算法构建系统地理学网络。鉴定出了麻蝇科的8个物种。收集最广泛的物种是银口麻蝇和胫鬃麻蝇。从这些物种获得的单倍型网络并未显示出单倍型有明显的地理分布。来自阿尔科伊的银口麻蝇样本明显孤立。结果表明，该方法可用于法医调查中麻蝇科样本的鉴定，并且可用于估计minPMI。
