Health Psychology Ph.D. Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Colvard Hall, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA; Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
Appetite. 2021 Aug 1;163:105207. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105207. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Despite high motivation for healthful eating during pregnancy, maternal diet quality is inadequate. During pregnancy, women may relax effortful control over eating to reduce stress; thus, stress may override motivation to eat healthfully. This secondary analysis of data from the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study longitudinal cohort investigated associations of motivation for healthful eating and perceived stress with diet quality during pregnancy (n = 365) and postpartum (n = 266), and investigated whether stress modifies associations of motivation with diet quality. Women (M = 31.3; gestational age ≤ 12 weeks) were recruited from the Chapel Hill, North Carolina area and completed multiple 24-h diet recalls (once each trimester of pregnancy, and at 4-6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postpartum) and validated measures of perceived stress and motivation for healthful eating (autonomous and controlled). Hierarchical multiple regressions tested associations of diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015) with stress, motivation, and their interactions. Additionally, themes extracted from previously-analyzed focus groups conducted with a subsample of participants were re-examined for content relevant to stress, motivation, and diet. Pregnancy and postpartum diet quality was positively associated with autonomous motivation, but was unassociated with controlled motivation and stress. Interaction terms did not appreciably improve model fit. Focus group participants described both internal and external forces contributing to their motivation for healthy eating during pregnancy and described the impact of stress on eating behaviors through amplification of food cravings. Future research is needed to identify influences on maternal motivation for healthful eating.
尽管孕妇有很高的健康饮食动机，但她们的饮食质量仍然不达标。在怀孕期间，女性可能会放松对饮食的努力控制，以减轻压力；因此，压力可能会压倒健康饮食的动机。这项对怀孕饮食属性研究纵向队列数据的二次分析调查了健康饮食动机和感知压力与怀孕期间（n=365）和产后（n=266）饮食质量的关系，并调查了压力是否改变了动机与饮食质量之间的关系。研究对象是来自北卡罗来纳州教堂山地区的女性（M=31.3；妊娠周数≤12 周），她们完成了多次 24 小时饮食回忆（每个孕期一次，以及产后 4-6 周、6 个月和 1 年），并对感知压力和健康饮食动机（自主和控制）进行了验证。分层多元回归测试了饮食质量（健康饮食指数-2015）与压力、动机及其相互作用的关系。此外，还重新审查了之前对参与者的一个子样本进行的焦点小组分析中提取的主题，以寻找与压力、动机和饮食相关的内容。孕期和产后的饮食质量与自主动机呈正相关，但与控制动机和压力无关。交互项并没有明显改善模型拟合度。焦点小组的参与者描述了影响她们在怀孕期间健康饮食的内在和外在因素，并描述了压力通过放大食物渴望对饮食行为的影响。需要进一步研究，以确定影响母亲健康饮食动机的因素。
