School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 24;16(3):311. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16030311.
The present study aimed to (1) examine changes in diet quality throughout pregnancy and (2) identify maternal characteristics associated with trimester-specific diet quality. Pregnant women ( = 79) were recruited in their 1st trimester of pregnancy and completed, at each trimester, three web-based 24-hour dietary recalls, from which the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was calculated. Physical activity, nutrition knowledge, and socio-demographic web-questionnaires were also completed. Although no variation in total HEI scores was observed across trimesters, we found an overall decrease in the following subscores: adequacy, total fruits and vegetables, unsaturated fats and saturated fats ( < 0.05). In the 1st trimester, overweight and obese pregnant women had a lower diet quality in comparison with normal-weight and underweight women (HEI scores: 63.1 ± 11.9 vs. 68.0 ± 9.3; = 0.04). In the 3rd trimester, women younger than 28 years old, with no university degree, poorer nutrition knowledge and who reside in an urban setting, had a lower diet quality ( < 0.05). In conclusion, less educated, younger women who reside in an urban setting may be at a higher risk of poor diet quality in late pregnancy and could benefit from public health programs.
(1) 考察整个孕期饮食质量的变化；(2) 确定与特定孕期饮食质量相关的产妇特征。在妊娠早期招募了 79 名孕妇，并在每个孕期完成了三次基于网络的 24 小时膳食回忆，从中计算出加拿大健康饮食指数 (HEI)。还完成了与身体活动、营养知识和社会人口统计学相关的网络问卷。尽管在整个孕期中，总 HEI 评分没有变化，但我们发现以下各分项得分总体呈下降趋势：充足度、总水果和蔬菜、不饱和脂肪和饱和脂肪 ( < 0.05)。在孕早期，与正常体重和体重不足的孕妇相比，超重和肥胖的孕妇饮食质量较低 (HEI 评分：63.1 ± 11.9 与 68.0 ± 9.3； = 0.04)。在孕晚期，年龄小于 28 岁、没有大学学历、营养知识较差且居住在城市的女性饮食质量较低 ( < 0.05)。总之，教育程度较低、年龄较小且居住在城市的女性在妊娠晚期可能面临较差的饮食质量风险，这些女性可能受益于公共卫生计划。
