Huber Colin M, Patton Declan A, McDonald Catherine C, Jain Divya, Simms Katherine, Lallo Valerie A, Margulies Susan S, Master Christina L, Arbogast Kristy B
Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2021 Mar 2;9(3):2325967120984423. doi: 10.1177/2325967120984423. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Repeated head impacts sustained by athletes have been linked to short-term neurophysiologic deficits; thus, there is growing concern about the number of head impacts sustained in sports. Accurate head impact exposure data obtained via head impact sensors may help identify appropriate strategies across sports and between genders to mitigate repetitive head impacts.
To quantify sport- and gender-based differences in head impact rate and mechanism for adolescents.
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
High school female and male varsity soccer, basketball, lacrosse, and field hockey (female only) teams were instrumented with headband-mounted impact sensors during games over 2 seasons of soccer and 1 season of basketball, lacrosse, and field hockey. Video review was used to remove false-positive sensor-recorded events, and the head impact rate per athlete-exposure (AE) was calculated. Impact mechanism was categorized as equipment to head, fall, player to head, or head to ball (soccer only).
Male players had significantly higher head impact rates as compared with female players in soccer (3.08 vs 1.41 impacts/AE; rate ratio, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.8-2.6]), basketball (0.90 vs 0.25; 3.6 [2.6-4.6]), and lacrosse (0.83 vs 0.06; 12.9 [10.1-15.8]). Impact mechanism distributions were similar within sports between boys and girls. In soccer, head to ball represented 78% of impacts, whereas at least 88% in basketball were player-to-player contact.
Across sports for boys and girls, soccer had the highest impact rate. Male high school soccer, basketball, and lacrosse teams had significantly higher head impact rates than did female teams of the same sport. For girls, basketball had a higher head impact rate than did lacrosse and field hockey, and for boys, basketball had a similar impact rate to lacrosse, a collision sport. Sport differences in the distribution of impact mechanisms create sport-specific targets for reducing head impact exposure.
运动员反复遭受头部撞击与短期神经生理缺陷有关；因此，人们越来越关注体育运动中头部撞击的次数。通过头部撞击传感器获得的准确头部撞击暴露数据，可能有助于确定跨运动项目和不同性别减轻重复性头部撞击的适当策略。
量化青少年基于运动项目和性别的头部撞击率及撞击机制差异。
队列研究；证据等级，2级。
在两个足球赛季以及一个篮球、长曲棍球和曲棍球（仅针对女性）赛季的比赛期间，为高中男女校队的足球、篮球、长曲棍球和曲棍球队（仅女性）队员佩戴头带式撞击传感器。通过视频审查去除传感器记录的假阳性事件，并计算每名运动员暴露（AE）的头部撞击率。撞击机制分为装备撞击头部、摔倒、球员撞击头部或头部撞击球（仅适用于足球）。
在足球运动中，男性球员的头部撞击率显著高于女性球员（3.08次撞击/AE对1.41次撞击/AE；率比，2.2 [95% CI，1.8 - 2.6]）；在篮球运动中（0.90次撞击/AE对0.25次撞击/AE；3.6 [2.6 - 4.6]）；在长曲棍球运动中（0.83次撞击/AE对0.06次撞击/AE；12.9 [10.1 - 15.8]）。男孩和女孩在各运动项目中的撞击机制分布相似。在足球运动中，头部撞击球占撞击次数的78%，而在篮球运动中，至少88%的撞击是球员之间的接触。
在男孩和女孩的各项运动中，足球的撞击率最高。高中男子足球、篮球和长曲棍球队的头部撞击率显著高于同项目的女子球队。对于女孩来说，篮球的头部撞击率高于长曲棍球和曲棍球；对于男孩来说，篮球的撞击率与长曲棍球（一项碰撞性运动）相似。撞击机制分布的运动项目差异为减少头部撞击暴露提供了特定运动项目的目标。
