Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Neurogastroenterology and GI Motility, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA.
Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar;16(2):25-35. doi: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1886922. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
: Gastroparesis (GP) is characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. About 75% of GP patients are females. Diabetes and idiopathic are the two commonest etiologies of GP. Up to two-thirds of the GP patients do not have significant symptom responses to medical therapies, and there is a paucity of available oral prokinetic agents with only one medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this indication. The oral and parenteral formulations of metoclopramide were FDA approved in 1979 to treat symptoms of acute and recurrent diabetic GP. Now, more than 40 years later, a nasal preparation of metoclopramide (Gimoti) was approved in June 2020 for the same indication.: PubMed search using the keywords 'nasal metoclopramide' and 'diabetic gastroparesis.' This article aims to provide a concise review of the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of nasal metoclopramide.: The nasal formulation can be systemically absorbed without relying on the passage through a poorly emptying stomach, thus assuring the delivery of a therapeutic dose of metoclopramide, even during episodes of vomiting. Hence, metoclopramide nasal spray has the potential to be used during an acute flare, potentially avoiding hospitalizations.
胃轻瘫（GP）的特征是在没有机械梗阻的情况下胃排空延迟。约 75%的 GP 患者为女性。糖尿病和特发性是 GP 的两个最常见病因。多达三分之二的 GP 患者对药物治疗没有明显的症状反应，并且可用的口服促动力药物很少，只有一种药物被美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准用于该适应症。胃复安的口服和胃肠外制剂于 1979 年获得 FDA 批准，用于治疗急性和复发性糖尿病性 GP 的症状。现在，40 多年后，一种胃复安的鼻内制剂（Gimoti）于 2020 年 6 月获得批准用于相同的适应症。
