Research Laboratory for Immunity Enhancement in Humans and Domestic Animals, Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
Research Laboratory for Immunity Enhancement in Humans and Domestic Animals, Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2021 May;235:110231. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110231. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of two types of phytochemicals, i.e. rutin and β-carotene, and two types of vitamins, i.e. α-tocopherol and l-ascorbic acid on improving innate immune responses to highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV). Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from eight PRRSV-seronegative pigs were inoculated with HP-PRRSV and subsequently stimulated with rutin, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and l-ascorbic acid in the absence or presence of either polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid or lipopolysaccharide. The mRNA expression levels of myxovirus resistance 1, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, 2'-5'-oligoadenylatesynthetase 1, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), osteopontin (OPN), interferon alpha (IFNα), IFNβ, IFNγ, interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) were evaluated by real-time PCR. Compared with control MDM, HP-PRRSV significantly suppressed mRNA expressions of all immune-related genes except IL-10 and TGFβ. Compared with HP-PRRSV-inoculated MDM, stimulation with rutin, α-tocopherol, and l-ascorbic acid, but not β-carotene significantly enhanced mRNA expression levels of IRF3, IRF7, STING, OPN, IFNα, IFNβ, and IFNγ in HP-PRRSV-inoculated MDM. Stimulation with rutin also significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of TNFα and TGFβ, whereas stimulation with β-carotene and α-tocopherol significantly reduced TNFα mRNA expression in HP-PRRSV-inoculated MDM. Our findings demonstrate the potentials of rutin, α-tocopherol, and l-ascorbic acid in enhancing type I interferon-regulated genes and type I and II IFN expressions, and in reducing pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokine expressions in HP-PRRSV-inoculated MDM. Our findings suggest that rutin, α-tocopherol, and l-ascorbic acid may serve as effective immunomodulators for improving innate immune response to HP-PRRSV.
本研究评估了两种植物化学物质（芦丁和β-胡萝卜素）和两种维生素（α-生育酚和 l-抗坏血酸）对改善高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（HP-PRRSV）固有免疫反应的免疫调节作用。从 8 头 PRRSV 血清阴性猪中分离单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞（MDM），用 HP-PRRSV 接种，然后在不存在或存在多聚肌苷酸：多聚胞苷酸或脂多糖的情况下用芦丁、β-胡萝卜素、α-生育酚和 l-抗坏血酸刺激。通过实时 PCR 评估了抗病毒蛋白 1、干扰素调节因子 3（IRF3）、IRF7、2'-5'-寡聚腺苷酸合成酶 1、干扰素基因刺激物（STING）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、干扰素α（IFNα）、IFNβ、IFNγ、白细胞介素 10（IL-10）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）和转化生长因子β（TGFβ）的 mRNA 表达水平。与对照 MDM 相比，HP-PRRSV 显著抑制了所有免疫相关基因的 mRNA 表达，除了 IL-10 和 TGFβ。与 HP-PRRSV 接种的 MDM 相比，芦丁、α-生育酚和 l-抗坏血酸刺激，但β-胡萝卜素刺激显著增强了 HP-PRRSV 接种的 MDM 中 IRF3、IRF7、STING、OPN、IFNα、IFNβ 和 IFNγ 的 mRNA 表达水平。芦丁刺激还显著降低了 TNFα 和 TGFβ 的 mRNA 表达水平，而β-胡萝卜素和 α-生育酚刺激则显著降低了 HP-PRRSV 接种的 MDM 中 TNFα 的 mRNA 表达。我们的研究结果表明，芦丁、α-生育酚和 l-抗坏血酸具有增强 I 型干扰素调节基因和 I 型和 II 型 IFN 表达的潜力，并降低 HP-PRRSV 接种的 MDM 中促炎和/或抗炎细胞因子的表达。我们的研究结果表明，芦丁、α-生育酚和 l-抗坏血酸可能作为改善对 HP-PRRSV 固有免疫反应的有效免疫调节剂。
