Tefera Bereket Bahiru, Getachew Melese, Kebede Bekalu
Department of Pharmacy, Debre Markos University, College of Health Science, Po Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
J Pharm Policy Pract. 2021 Mar 19;14(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s40545-021-00313-y.
Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and criteria-based drug assessment system that helps to evaluate the actual trend of drug use in a particular setting. If drug prescription practices are inappropriate, need to examine the patterns of drug use is necessary to change prescribing patterns accordingly. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the drug prescription pattern in public health facilities found in Ethiopia using prescribing indicators developed by the World Health Organization.
This review was conducted as per the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline. Extensive searching to identify articles was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Research Gate, Africa Journal of Online, and Google scholar. Finally, 10 eligible articles were selected for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median value, as well as the 25th and 75th percentiles for each WHO prescribing indicator, were computed.
The pooled median value of WHO prescribing indicators was reported as follows: the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter = 2.14 (IQR 1.79-2.52), the percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed = 43.46% (IQR 30.01-58.67), the percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed = 13.20% (6.47-40.7), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name = 93.49% (89.13-97.96), and the percentage of medicines prescribed from essential medicines list = 92.54% (85.10-97.7). The forest plots determined for each prescribing indicator indicated that there is a high degree of heterogeneity across articles.
All of the prescribing indicators were not consistent with the standard values recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, public health facilities should take appropriate measures for improving the prescription patterns as per the recommendation set by the World Health Organization.
药物使用评估是一个结构化、基于方法和标准的药物评估系统，有助于评估特定环境下药物使用的实际趋势。如果药物处方行为不当，就需要检查用药模式，以便相应地改变处方模式。因此，本综述旨在使用世界卫生组织制定的处方指标来确定埃塞俄比亚公共卫生机构的药物处方模式。
本综述按照PRISMA（系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目）指南进行。在PubMed、Medline、科学网、Research Gate、《非洲在线杂志》和谷歌学术上进行了广泛的搜索以识别文章。最后，根据纳入和排除标准选择了10篇符合条件的文章进行分析。计算了每个世界卫生组织处方指标的中位数以及第25和第75百分位数。
世界卫生组织处方指标的合并中位数如下：每次就诊开具的平均药物数量 = 2.14（四分位间距1.79-2.52），开具抗生素的就诊百分比 = 43.46%（四分位间距30.01-58.67），开具注射剂的就诊百分比 = 13.20%（6.47-40.7），通用名开具药物的百分比 = 93.49%（89.13-97.96），以及从基本药物清单中开具药物的百分比 = 92.54%（85.10-97.7）。为每个处方指标确定的森林图表明，各文章之间存在高度异质性。
所有处方指标均不符合世界卫生组织推荐的标准值。因此，公共卫生机构应根据世界卫生组织设定的建议采取适当措施来改善处方模式。
