Qi Jing-Wen, Zhang Rui-Qin, Jiang Nan, Li Li-Ping, Miao Qing-Qing
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2021 Feb 8;42(2):595-603. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202006246.
In this study, PM samples were collected synchronously at Gaoxin and Linxiao in Luoyang City during autumn and winter (4 October 2018 to 30 January 2019). Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with fine particulate matter were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations and composition characteristics of the PAHs on clean and polluted days were studied. Diagnostic ratio analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify the emission sources of PM-bound PAHs and the equivalent carcinogenic concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) model were applied to evaluate health risks. During the sampling period, the concentrations of PAHs at Gaoxin and Linxiao ranged 24.33-90.26 ng·m and 23.81-76.99 ng·m, respectively. With the increase in PM pollution, PAH concentrations increase significantly (the mean PAH concentration on polluted days was approximately 1.3 times higher than during clean days). PAH profiles at different polluting levels were similar; 4-ring PAHs (43%-48%) > 5-6 ring PAHs (32%-35%) > 2-3-ring PAHs (20%-22%). Diagnostic ratios and PCA demonstrated that PAHs in the study area were mainly derived from combustion sources including coal combustion, biomass burning, and motor vehicle emissions. The coal combustion was the main pollution source in the study area (clean days=49.28%-56.38%, polluted days=49.44%-60.60%). The results of the equivalent carcinogenic concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and ILCR model revealed that the human health risk on polluted days was higher. Moreover, the cancer risks from adult exposure to PAHs were higher than those child exposure, which has an acceptable level of risk (<10).
在本研究中，于秋冬季节（2018年10月4日至2019年1月30日）在洛阳市高新区和瀍河区同步采集了PM样本。采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析了与细颗粒物相关的16种优先多环芳烃（PAHs）。研究了清洁日和污染日PAHs的浓度及组成特征。利用诊断比值分析和主成分分析（PCA）确定了与PM结合的PAHs的排放源，并应用苯并[a]芘（BaP）的等效致癌浓度和终生癌症风险增量（ILCRs）模型评估健康风险。在采样期间，高新区和瀍河区PAHs的浓度分别在24.33 - 90.26 ng·m³和23.81 - 76.99 ng·m³之间。随着PM污染程度的增加，PAHs浓度显著升高（污染日的PAHs平均浓度比清洁日高约1.3倍）。不同污染水平下的PAHs谱相似；四环PAHs（43% - 48%）> 五环 - 六环PAHs（32% - 35%）> 二环 - 三环PAHs（20% - 22%）。诊断比值和PCA表明，研究区域内的PAHs主要来源于燃烧源，包括煤炭燃烧、生物质燃烧和机动车排放。煤炭燃烧是研究区域的主要污染源（清洁日为49.28% - 56.38%，污染日为49.44% - 60.60%）。苯并[a]芘（BaP）的等效致癌浓度和ILCR模型结果显示，污染日的人体健康风险更高。此外，成年人接触PAHs的癌症风险高于儿童，且风险处于可接受水平（<10）。
