Zhang Yi-Xuan, Cao Fang, Zheng Han, Zhang Dong-Dong, Zhai Xiao-Yao, Fan Mei-Yi, Zhang Yan-Lin
Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education(KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Feb 8;41(2):564-573. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201906043.
In this study, 30 PM samples were collected from the atmosphere in Changchun City in the autumn of 2017. The concentration and composition characteristics of 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The diagnostic ratio and principal component analysis method were used to determine the source of PAHs pollution. The health risk assessment was carried out by both calculating the equivalent carcinogenic concentration of benzo(a)pyrene and the lifetime risk of cancer. Results show that the average PM concentration in autumn in Changchun is (50.84±12.23) μg·m, and the content of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) are (17.07±5.64) μg·m and (1.33±0.75) μg·m, respectively, accounting for 37% of the total PM. The total concentration of PAHs is (15.69±5.93) ng·m, which was dominated by medium- to high-ring-number PAHs, accounting for 84.26% of total PAHs. The atmospheric PAHs in Changchun mainly originate from motor vehicle exhaust emissions (44.48%) > coal combustion (29.16%) > biomass burning (26.36%), local transportation (gasoline vehicles) emissions being the main source of pollution. The average carcinogenic concentration of benzo(a)pyrene is in the range of 1.55 ng·m and 5.38 ng·m, and the average carcinogenic equivalent concentration is (6.44±1.53) ng·m, which is generally considered a slight pollution level. The ingestion of PAHs by breathing is the most harmful to the health of adult women, followed by adult males and children, however since the lifetime carcinogenic risk value of the entire population did not exceed 1×10, their health risks are considered to be at acceptable levels.
本研究于2017年秋季采集了长春市大气中的30个可吸入颗粒物（PM）样本。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析了样本中17种多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度及组成特征。运用诊断比值法和主成分分析法确定PAHs污染来源。通过计算苯并[a]芘等效致癌浓度和终生致癌风险进行健康风险评估。结果表明，长春市秋季PM平均浓度为(50.84±12.23) μg·m，有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）含量分别为(17.07±5.64) μg·m和(1.33±0.75) μg·m，分别占总PM的37%。PAHs总浓度为(15.69±5.93) ng·m，以中高环数PAHs为主，占总PAHs的84.26%。长春市大气PAHs主要来源于机动车尾气排放（44.48%）＞煤炭燃烧（29.16%）＞生物质燃烧（26.36%），本地交通（汽油车）排放是主要污染来源。苯并[a]芘平均致癌浓度在1.55 ng·m至5.38 ng·m之间，平均致癌等效浓度为(6.44±1.53) ng·m，总体上属于轻度污染水平。经呼吸摄入PAHs对成年女性健康危害最大，其次是成年男性和儿童，不过由于整个人口的终生致癌风险值未超过1×10，其健康风险被认为处于可接受水平。
