Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleén 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
Chemosphere. 2021 Aug;276:130155. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130155. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
Although booster biocides (Irgarol, diuron, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, and DCOIT) have been detected in sediments along the Brazilian coastal areas, the risk associated to their occurrence and levels is still unknown. Thus, the ecological risk of booster biocides to sediment-dwelling organisms from the Brazilian coast was assessed using a risk characterization approach through the Risk Quotient (Measured environmental concentration (MEC)/Predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs)). Sedimentary PNECs for Irgarol, diuron, chlorothalonil and DCOIT were derived based on published ecotoxicological data from both freshwater and marine studies, while a NORMAN methodology was used to derived it for dichlofluanid. Results showed that DCOIT, diuron, Irgarol, chlorothalonil, and dichlofluanid can pose high risk on 47%, 35%, 15%, 1% and 1%, respectively, of the 113 Brazilian sites appraised. Considering the trend of expansion of navigation/maritime activities, DCOIT may worsen its impact over the coastal areas of Brazil, especially ports, but also ship/boatyards, marinas, and maritime traffic zones. The present study is an important contribution to support advance on policy formulation concerning booster biocides worldwide, particularly considering the lack of regulation on the use of antifouling biocides in Brazil.
尽管在巴西沿海水域的沉积物中已检测到增效型杀生剂（Irgarol、敌草隆、百菌清、双氯芬酸和 DCOIT），但其存在和水平相关的风险仍然未知。因此，本研究采用风险特征化方法，通过风险商数（实测环境浓度（MEC）/无效应浓度（PNECs））评估了巴西沿海沉积物中增效型杀生剂对底栖生物的生态风险。Irgarol、敌草隆、百菌清和 DCOIT 的沉积物 PNEC 是基于淡水和海洋研究的已发表生态毒理学数据推导得出的，而双氯芬酸则采用 NORMAN 方法推导得出。结果表明，在评估的 113 个巴西地点中，有 47%、35%、15%、1%和 1%的地点可能面临 DCOIT、敌草隆、Irgarol、百菌清和双氯芬酸的高风险。考虑到航海/海事活动扩张的趋势，DCOIT 可能会对巴西沿海地区（尤其是港口）的生态系统产生更严重的影响，同时也会对船舶修造厂、码头和海上交通区产生影响。本研究为支持全球范围内关于增效型杀生剂的政策制定提供了重要贡献，特别是考虑到巴西在防污杀生剂使用方面缺乏监管。
