Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Anexartisias Str., P.O. BOX 50329, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2021 May 1;1171:122602. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122602. Epub 2021 Feb 24.
The wide use of fossil fuels and their associated environmental concerns, highlighted the importance of affordable and clean energy (goal 7), as adopted by the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations for 2030. For years now, the detection of sulfur components in liquid fuels is performed mainly for environmental and health purposes in compliance with the respective legislations. Towards this, the aerobic and anaerobic biodesulfurization (BDS) process, which entails the use of microorganisms to limit the sulfur concentration is followed. To ensure effective BDS, several traditional analytical methods are utilized, although they require bench-top, bulky, costly, and time-consuming instruments along with skilled personnel. The currently employed analytical methods are mostly chromatographic techniques (e.g. liquid and gas) coupled with various detectors. To start with, high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), as well as electrospray ionization-LC-mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS) were mostly reported. Additionally, many detectors were coupled to gas chromatography (CG) including atomic emission detector (GC-AED), flame ionization detector (GC-FID), flame photometric detector (GC-FPD), sulfur fluorescence detector (GC-SFD), mass selective detector (GC-MS), etc. The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique provides extra capabilities when added to the separation techniques. Towards the continuous interest in oil supercomplex synthesis, other atmospheric and surface desorption ionization techniques, as well as the multidimensional 2D chromatographic systems (GC × GC and LC × LC) were also investigated, due to their unsurpassed resolution power. The current review ends with final remarks per applied methodology and the necessity to respect and protect the human environment and life.
化石燃料的广泛使用及其相关的环境问题，凸显了联合国 2030 年可持续发展目标中可负担和清洁能源（目标 7）的重要性。多年来，液体燃料中硫成分的检测主要是出于环境和健康方面的考虑，以符合相关法规。为此，人们采用了需使用微生物来限制硫浓度的需氧和厌氧生物脱硫（BDS）工艺。为了确保有效的 BDS，人们采用了几种传统的分析方法，尽管这些方法需要使用台式、体积庞大、昂贵且耗时的仪器以及熟练的人员。目前使用的分析方法大多是色谱技术（例如液相和气相）与各种检测器相结合。首先，高效液相色谱与紫外检测器（HPLC-UV）以及电喷雾电离-LC-质谱（ESI-LC-MS）被广泛报道。此外，许多检测器与气相色谱（GC）相结合，包括原子发射检测器（GC-AED）、火焰电离检测器（GC-FID）、火焰光度检测器（GC-FPD）、硫荧光检测器（GC-SFD）、质量选择性检测器（GC-MS）等。固相微萃取（SPME）技术在分离技术中增加了额外的功能。由于其无与伦比的分辨率能力，人们对油的超复杂合成持续感兴趣，因此也研究了其他大气和表面解吸电离技术以及多维二维色谱系统（GC×GC 和 LC×LC）。本综述最后对应用方法进行了总结，并强调了尊重和保护人类环境和生命的必要性。
