Saeed Muhammad, Munir Mamoona, Intisar Azeem, Waseem Amir
School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
ACS Omega. 2022 Apr 27;7(18):15809-15820. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00886. eCollection 2022 May 10.
The current study comprises the successful synthesis of a Ni-WO@g-CN composite as an efficient and recoverable nanocatalyst for oxidative desulfurization of both model and real fuel oils. The physiochemical characterization of the synthesized composite was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. SEM results showed that Ni-WO particles were well-decorated on the g-CN surface with an interesting morphology as appeared on the surface like spherical particles. The obtained findings revealed that 97% dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal can be achieved under optimized conditions (0.1 g of the catalyst, 1 mL of an oxidant, 100 mg/L DBT-based model fuel, a time duration of 180 min, and a temperature of 40 C). Additionally, the catalytic activity for real fuel was also investigated in which 89.5 and 91.2% removal efficiencies were achieved for diesel and kerosene, respectively, as well as fuel properties following ASTM specifications. A pseudo first-order kinetic model was followed well for this reaction system, and the negative value of Δ was due to the spontaneous process. Additionally, the desulfurization study was optimized via a response surface methodology (RSM/Box-Behnken design) for predicting optimum removal of sulfur species by drawing three-dimensional RSM surface plots. The Ni-WO@g-CN proved to be a promising catalyst for desulfurization of fuel oil by exhibiting reusability of five times with no momentous decrease in efficiency.
当前的研究成功合成了一种Ni-WO@g-CN复合材料，作为一种高效且可回收的纳米催化剂，用于模型燃料油和实际燃料油的氧化脱硫。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线光谱和热重分析对合成的复合材料进行了物理化学表征。SEM结果表明，Ni-WO颗粒很好地修饰在g-CN表面，呈现出有趣的形态，表面类似球形颗粒。所得结果表明，在优化条件下（0.1 g催化剂、1 mL氧化剂、100 mg/L基于二苯并噻吩的模型燃料、180分钟的时间和40℃的温度），二苯并噻吩（DBT）的去除率可达97%。此外，还研究了该催化剂对实际燃料的催化活性，柴油和煤油的脱硫效率分别达到89.5%和91.2%，且燃料性能符合ASTM标准。该反应体系很好地遵循了伪一级动力学模型，Δ的负值表明该过程是自发的。此外，通过响应面法（RSM/Box-Behnken设计）对脱硫研究进行了优化，通过绘制三维RSM表面图来预测硫物种的最佳去除率。Ni-WO@g-CN被证明是一种有前景的燃料油脱硫催化剂，可重复使用五次，且效率没有显著下降。
