Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Marburg University Hospital - UKGM, Marburg, Germany.
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
Schizophr Res. 2021 May;231:32-41. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.02.018. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
The overlap of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychosis or schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) has exposed problems central to conceptualising and understanding co-morbidity in psychiatric disorders.
In the present study, we demonstrate that a deep phenotyping approach aids clarification of both overlapping and diametrically opposed features of ASD and SSD on the level of trait facets.
We first show overlap of negative and disorganised (but not positive) features of schizotypy with autistic traits in a sample of n = 376 German non-clinical subjects using multiple psychometric measures of schizotypy (MSS multidimensional schizotypy scale, OLIFE Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences, and SPQ-B schizotypal personality questionnaire - brief) and the AQ autism spectrum quotient, with control measures for affective spectrum pathology (BDI). Findings were then replicated in a French-Swiss sample (n = 264) using MSS, OLIFE, AQ, and in addition the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Additional principal component analysis confirmed our finding of the co-existence of both overlapping (loss of function, social communication deficit, and negative schizotypy) as well as diametrically opposed features (AQ attention to detail, positive schizotypy) across the two spectra. Results were validated with Horn's parallel analyses, affirming two component solutions, and PCA using sample-specific, factor-analysis-derived schizotypy scores.
Providing a framework for multi-dimensional transdiagnostic characterisation of ASD vs. SSD phenotypes we point out overlapping vs. discriminating facets. In addition to the use of novel multidimensional schizotypy scales, it also shows transcultural consistency of findings, and highlights a particular role for the attention to detail AQ subscale.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）与精神病或精神分裂谱系障碍（SSD）的重叠，暴露出了在精神病学障碍中概念化和理解共病的核心问题。
在本研究中，我们证明了一种深度表型方法有助于澄清 ASD 和 SSD 在特质层面上重叠和截然相反的特征。
我们首先使用多个精神分裂症特质量表（MSS 多维精神分裂症量表、OLIFE 牛津-利物浦感觉和经验量表和 SPQ-B 精神分裂症人格问卷-简短版）和 AQ 自闭症谱系商数，以及情感谱病理学的控制措施（BDI），在 n=376 名德国非临床受试者的样本中，展示了精神分裂症特质的负性和紊乱（但非阳性）特征与自闭症特质的重叠，使用控制措施对情感谱病理学进行控制。然后在一个法瑞样本（n=264）中使用 MSS、OLIFE、AQ 进行了复制，此外还使用了社区心理体验评估量表（CAPE）。附加的主成分分析证实了我们的发现，即在两个谱系中存在重叠的特征（功能丧失、社会沟通缺陷和负性精神分裂症特质）和截然相反的特征（AQ 对细节的关注、正性精神分裂症特质）。使用 Horn 的平行分析验证了结果，肯定了两种成分解决方案，并使用样本特异性、基于因子分析的精神分裂症特质评分进行 PCA。
为 ASD 与 SSD 表型的多维跨诊断特征提供了一个框架，我们指出了重叠与区分的方面。除了使用新型多维精神分裂症特质量表外，它还显示了跨文化研究结果的一致性，并突出了对细节的关注 AQ 子量表的特殊作用。
