The impact of a sacroiliac joint belt on function and pain using the active straight leg raise in pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain.

INTRODUCTION

Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is the most common musculoskeletal concern in pregnancy. The Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR) test is diagnostic. Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) belts are included in multimodal therapy, but there is no established predictive measure to determine which pregnant women will benefit.

OBJECTIVE

To determine if the ASLR score is immediately reduced by SIJ belt application and whether PGP pain and function improves after 4 weeks of belt use.

DESIGN

Prospective observational cohort study.

SETTING

Academic medical center.

PARTICIPANTS

Pregnant women at least 18 years of age in the second or third trimester of pregnancy with posterior PGP and ASLR score of 2 to 10.

INTERVENTIONS

Four-week SIJ belt use.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

ASLR, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ), Perceived Global Impression of Improvement (PGII).

RESULTS

Sixty-three women enrolled. On multivariable analysis, immediate belted ASLR score was -2.70 points lower than the non-belted ASLR score (P < .001). Four weeks later there was significant improvement in the ASLR score with a belt (M  = -0.99; P = .001) and without a belt (M  = -1.94; P < .001); the decline was more precipitous for the non-belted response (M  = -0.96; P = .02). Current NRS pain scores declined from baseline by approximately -0.94 points (P < .001). This decline did not depend on ASLR scores (interaction P = .43) or wearing a belt at the time of testing (interaction P = .51). Similar conclusions held for participants' usual NRS score and average PGQ score. After 4 weeks, 82% reported improvement based on the PGII.

CONCLUSIONS

SIJ belts are a safe, well-tolerated, and effective therapeutic option for pregnancy-related PGP. The ASLR score is immediately reduced following SIJ belt application but does not predict pain score 4 weeks later. SIJ belt leads to significant improvements in pain and function over time.