Hunan Normal University (China).
No.3 Middle School of Yongzhou (China).
Span J Psychol. 2021 Mar 22;24:e17. doi: 10.1017/SJP.2021.19.
Given the possibility of cultural differences in the meaning and levels of gratitude among children, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the Gratitude Questionnaire-5 (GQ-5) and differences in latent means across adolescents from two distinct cultures, China and America. Data were obtained from 1,991 Chinese and 1,685 American adolescents. Confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis were performed to examine the factor structure and the measurement equivalence across Chinese and American adolescents. The Cronbach's alpha and Item-total Correlations of the GQ-5 were also evaluated. Results of confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the expected one-factor structure. Also, a series of multi-group confirmatory factor analyses supported full configural invariance, full metric invariance, and partial scalar invariance between the two groups. Furthermore, the findings suggested that the GQ-5 is suitable for conducting mean level comparisons. The subsequent comparison of latent means revealed that the Chinese adolescents reported significantly lower gratitude than American adolescents.
鉴于儿童对感激之情的含义和水平可能存在文化差异，我们评估了感激问卷-5（GQ-5）的测量不变性，以及来自两种不同文化的青少年（中国和美国）之间潜在均值的差异。数据来自 1991 名中国青少年和 1685 名美国青少年。我们采用验证性因子分析和多组验证性因子分析来检验中国和美国青少年的因子结构和测量等效性。我们还评估了 GQ-5 的克朗巴赫α系数和项目总分相关性。验证性因子分析的结果支持预期的单因素结构。此外，一系列多组验证性因子分析支持两组之间的完全配置不变性、完全度量不变性和部分标度不变性。此外，研究结果表明，GQ-5 适用于进行均值水平比较。随后对潜在均值的比较表明，中国青少年的感激程度明显低于美国青少年。
