School of Psychology, 12401Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Normal University, China.
School of Education, 165082Linyi University, Linyi University, China.
Psychol Rep. 2022 Dec;125(6):3209-3223. doi: 10.1177/00332941211036015. Epub 2021 Aug 1.
The 5-item Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-5) is one of the most commonly used instruments to measure dispositional gratitude in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to verify the longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) and gender measurement invariance (GMI) of the GQ-5 that was administered to an adolescent sample twice over the course of 18 months ( = 669). Single-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was adopted to examine the LMI and multiple-group CFA was conducted to assess the GMI. The results showed that the GQ-5 had strong invariance (i.e., equality of factor patterns, loadings, and intercepts) across time and gender. Validation of latent factor mean differences showed that females had higher gratitude scores than males. In addition, the GQ-5 exhibited good internal consistency indices across time and a moderate stability coefficient was also found across an 18-month time interval in adolescents. In summary, our study showed that LMI and GMI of the GQ-5 are satisfactory and the GQ-5 is a reliable instrument for measuring gratitude in adolescents.
五因素感恩问卷（GQ-5）是用于测量青少年特质感恩的最常用工具之一。本研究旨在验证该问卷在青少年样本中两次（间隔 18 个月，共 669 名被试）施测的纵向测量不变性（LMI）和性别测量不变性（GMI）。采用单组验证性因素分析（CFA）检验 LMI，采用多组 CFA 评估 GMI。结果表明，GQ-5 在时间和性别上具有较强的不变性（即因子模式、载荷和截距的相等性）。潜在因子均值差异的验证表明，女性的感恩得分高于男性。此外，GQ-5 在时间上具有良好的内部一致性指标，在青少年 18 个月的时间间隔内也发现了适度的稳定性系数。总之，本研究表明，GQ-5 的 LMI 和 GMI 令人满意，是测量青少年感恩的可靠工具。
