Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany; Department for Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
J Immunol Methods. 2021 Jun;493:113036. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113036. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions encompass a variety of different clinical phenotypes ranging from harmless rashes to fatal reactions. They can be classified into allergic (i.e. drug allergy) and non-allergic reactions (i.e. non-allergic hypersensitivity). Drug allergies in turn can either be antibody (e.g. IgE) or T cell-mediated. One of the diagnostic tools for the in vitro detection of drug allergy is the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) which is based on the activation and expansion of the drug-specific memory T cells following co-incubation of the patient's peripheral mononuclear cells (PMBC) with the suspected drug in vitro. The read-out parameter in the classical LTT is T cell proliferation which can be measured as counts per minute following the addition of radiolabeled thymidine to the cell culture. However, in the course of time different modifications of the classical LTT with regard to the read-out parameters and methods have been proposed. Likewise, variations of the LTT platform itself have been described in the literature. This review article describes the development of the classical LTT and its use in the context of drug allergy detection and summarizes the modifications which have been published over time.
药物诱导的过敏反应包括多种不同的临床表型，从无害的皮疹到致命的反应都有。它们可以分为过敏（即药物过敏）和非过敏反应（即非过敏过敏）。药物过敏反过来又可以是抗体（例如 IgE）或 T 细胞介导的。体外检测药物过敏的诊断工具之一是淋巴细胞转化试验（LTT），该试验基于在体外将患者的外周单核细胞（PMBC）与可疑药物共孵育后，药物特异性记忆 T 细胞的激活和扩增。经典 LTT 的读出参数是 T 细胞增殖，可以在向细胞培养物中添加放射性标记的胸苷后以每分钟计数来测量。然而，随着时间的推移，对于读出参数和方法，已经提出了对经典 LTT 的不同修改。同样，在文献中也描述了 LTT 平台本身的变化。本文综述了经典 LTT 的发展及其在药物过敏检测中的应用，并总结了随着时间的推移发表的修改。
