Makhadi S, Moeng M S, Pswarayi R
Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa.
Milpark Hospital, South Africa.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021 Mar 4;64:102194. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102194. eCollection 2021 Apr.
In the twenty-first century, transportation disasters and subsequent injuries are on the rise, in particular air travel, and, thus, contributing significantly to the morbidity and mortality. Aviation injuries are not common in South Africa, injuries and outcomes of patients involved in aircraft crashes are unknown. We aimed to describe the injury patterns, and mortality rate resulting from air crashes presenting at a level 1 trauma centre in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Data was collected between January 2011 and December 2019. The hospital trauma database was used to obtain data related to patients who were involved in aircraft crashes. Their demographics, type of related aircraft, injuries sustained, injury severity score (ISS), new injury severity score (NISS), revised trauma score (RTS) surgical intervention carried out, length of stay in ICU, length of hospital stay, morbidities, 28-day mortality and outcomes (discharge/death).
Fifty-two (52) patients (mean age was 44,8 years) were identified. The mean ISS was 9, and NISS was 11. Patients were occupants of civilian, non-commercial, powered aircraft. Fixed wing constituted 63,46%, followed by helicopters 21,15% and 7,69%. Spinal injuries were the most common injury in our patients, followed by soft tissue injuries and rib fractures. The median hospital stay was 10 ± 22 days. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 7.7.
Majority of patients sustained musculoskeletal injuries. We suggest that these injured patients should be managed at a Level 1 facility in view of combined multiple injuries sustained during the crash.
在21世纪，交通灾难及随后造成的伤害呈上升趋势，尤其是航空旅行方面，因此对发病率和死亡率有显著影响。在南非，航空伤害并不常见，涉及飞机坠毁的患者的损伤情况及预后尚不清楚。我们旨在描述在南非约翰内斯堡一家一级创伤中心就诊的飞机坠毁所致损伤模式及死亡率。
收集2011年1月至2019年12月的数据。利用医院创伤数据库获取与飞机坠毁相关患者的数据。包括他们的人口统计学资料、相关飞机类型、所受损伤、损伤严重程度评分（ISS）、新损伤严重程度评分（NISS）、修订创伤评分（RTS）、实施的外科干预、在重症监护病房的住院时间、住院总时长、并发症、28天死亡率及预后（出院/死亡）。
共识别出52例患者（平均年龄44.8岁）。平均ISS为9，NISS为11。患者均为民用、非商业动力飞机的乘客。固定翼飞机占63.46%，其次是直升机占21.15%，其他占7.69%。脊柱损伤是我们患者中最常见的损伤，其次是软组织损伤和肋骨骨折。中位住院时间为10±22天。总体院内死亡率为7.7%。
大多数患者遭受了肌肉骨骼损伤。鉴于这些受伤患者在坠机过程中合并有多处损伤，我们建议应在一级医疗机构对其进行治疗。
