Multiyear Evaluation of Fungicide Efficacy and Application Timing for Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas.

The efficacy and timing of eight foliar fungicides to manage southern rust of corn (caused by Underwood) was investigated over 4 years in three field experiments. Each experiment consisted of one-, two-, or three-fungicide application timings at tassel, milk, or dent growth stages with quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), demethylation inhibitor (DMI), or QoI + DMI fungicides. Each year trace amounts of southern rust were observed in the field at tassel, except in 2018, when rust was not observed until physiological maturity. Southern rust severity on ear leaf and two leaves above the ear leaf was approximately 50, 35, 75, and 0% at dent in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. Applications that contained a QoI or QoI + DMI fungicide provided greater southern rust control than DMI fungicides, with little variation within fungicide classes. Applications of QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel provided greater disease control (52.5%) than those applied at milk (5.8%) or dent (1.4%), and greater yield protection (40.4%) than those applied at milk (23.7%) or dent (2.6%) when final rust development was severe (>40%). When rust development increased later in the season, after milk growth stage, a trend of better disease control was observed with fungicides applied at milk (57.8%) compared with tassel (35.2%), but grain yield protection was similar, with an average yield protection of 7.4%. There was no yield benefit with fungicides applied in the absence of disease or at the dent growth stage. Southern rust was most effectively managed with QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel when southern rust was present and environmental conditions favored rust development.