School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Clin Psychol Psychother. 2022 Jan;29(1):1-25. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2586. Epub 2021 May 5.
Self-criticism is the process of negative self-evaluation. High levels are associated with psychopathology and poorer therapeutic outcomes. Self-compassion interventions were developed to explicitly target self-criticism. The aim of this review was to estimate the overall effect of self-compassion-related interventions on self-criticism outcomes and investigate potential moderating variables. A systematic search of the literature identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen papers, involving 1350 participants, had sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. Pre- and post-data points were extracted for the compassion and control groups. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool, which concluded that studies were of moderate quality. Meta-analysis findings indicated that self-compassion-related interventions produce a significant, medium reduction in self-criticism in comparison with control groups (Hedges' g = 0.51, 95% CI [0.33-0.69]). Moderator analysis found greater reductions in self-criticism when self-compassion-related interventions were longer and compared with passive controls rather than active. The remaining moderators of forms of self-criticism, sample type, intervention delivery, intervention setting and risk of bias ratings were insignificant. Overall, the review provides promising evidence of the effectiveness of self-compassion-related interventions for reducing self-criticism. However, results are limited by moderate quality studies with high heterogeneity. Directions for future research indicate that more RCTs with active controls, follow-ups, consistent use and reporting of measures and diverse samples are needed.
自我批评是一种消极的自我评价过程。高水平的自我批评与精神病理学和较差的治疗效果有关。自我同情干预措施是为了专门针对自我批评而开发的。本综述的目的是评估与自我同情相关的干预措施对自我批评结果的总体影响，并探讨潜在的调节变量。系统搜索文献确定了符合纳入标准的 20 项随机对照试验（RCT）。有 19 篇论文，涉及 1350 名参与者，有足够的数据纳入荟萃分析。提取了同情组和对照组的预和后数据点。使用 Cochrane 协作风险偏倚工具的改编版本评估研究质量，结论是研究质量为中等。荟萃分析结果表明，与对照组相比，自我同情相关的干预措施可显著降低自我批评（Hedges' g=0.51，95%CI [0.33-0.69]）。调节分析发现，当自我同情相关的干预措施时间更长且与被动对照相比而非主动对照时，自我批评的减少幅度更大。自我批评的形式、样本类型、干预方式、干预设置和偏倚风险评分的剩余调节因素均不显著。总体而言，该综述提供了有希望的证据，表明与自我同情相关的干预措施可有效降低自我批评。然而，由于研究质量中等且存在高度异质性，结果受到限制。未来研究的方向表明，需要更多的随机对照试验、主动对照、后续研究、一致使用和报告措施以及多样化的样本。
