净质子数涨落的非单调能量依赖性。

Nonmonotonic Energy Dependence of Net-Proton Number Fluctuations.

作者信息

Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams J R, Adkins J K, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal M M, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson D M, Aparin A, Aschenauer E C, Ashraf M U, Atetalla F G, Attri A, Averichev G S, Bairathi V, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bland L C, Bordyuzhin I G, Brandenburg J D, Brandin A V, Butterworth J, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan B K, Chang F-H, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen J H, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford H J, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich T G, Deppner I M, Derevschikov A A, Didenko L, Dong X, Drachenberg J L, Dunlop J C, Edmonds T, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng C J, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fulek L, Gagliardi C A, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Guryn W, Hamad A I, Hamed A, Harabasz S, Harris J W, He S, He W, He X H, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hong Y, Horvat S, Hu Y, Huang H Z, Huang S L, Huang T, Huang X, Humanic T J, Huo P, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs W W, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Jowzaee S, Ju X, Judd E G, Kabana S, Kabir M L, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke H W, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak Y V, Kikoła D P, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kinghorn T A, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Kocan M, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski L K, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Krueger K, Kulathunga Mudiyanselage N, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur J H, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf J M, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee J H, Leung Y H, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa M A, Liu F, Liu H, Liu P, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope W J, Longacre R S, Lukow N S, Luo S, Luo X, Ma G L, Ma L, Ma R, Ma Y G, Magdy N, Majka R, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis H S, Mazer J A, Minaev N G, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Moravcova Z, Morozov D A, Nagy M, Nam J D, Nasim Md, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson J M, Nemes D B, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nogach L V, Nonaka T, Nunes A S, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov V A, Page B S, Pak R, Pandav A, Panebratsev Y, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér R L, Pluta J, Porter J, Posik M, Pruthi N K, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Radhakrishnan S K, Ramachandran S, Ray R L, Reed R, Ritter H G, Rogachevskiy O V, Romero J L, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo N R, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke W B, Schmitz N, Schweid B R, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan P V, Shao M, Sheikh A I, Shen W Q, Shi S S, Shi Y, Shou Q Y, Sichtermann E P, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Smirnov N, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka H M, Srivastava B, Stanislaus T D S, Stefaniak M, Stewart D J, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide A A P, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun X M, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida D N, Szymanski P, Tang A H, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas J H, Timmins A R, Tlusty D, Tokarev M, Tomkiel C A, Trentalange S, Tribble R E, Tribedy P, Tripathy S K, Tsai O D, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood D G, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev A N, Vassiliev I, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin S A, Wang F, Wang G, Wang J S, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb J C, Weidenkaff P C, Wen L, Westfall G D, Wieman H, Wissink S W, Witt R, Wu Y, Xiao Z G, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu Q H, Xu Y F, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Yang Z, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang X P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z J, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhong C, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M

机构信息

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

出版信息

Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Mar 5;126(9):092301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.092301.

DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.092301

PMID:33750161

Abstract

Nonmonotonic variation with collision energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the quantum chromodynamics critical point. We report the first evidence of a nonmonotonic variation in the kurtosis times variance of the net-proton number (proxy for net-baryon number) distribution as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}] with 3.1 σ significance for head-on (central) gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions measured solenoidal tracker at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data in noncentral Au+Au collisions and models of heavy-ion collisions without a critical point show a monotonic variation as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}].

摘要

重离子碰撞中净重子数分布矩随碰撞能量（(\sqrt{s_{NN}})）的非单调变化与系统的关联长度和磁化率有关，被认为是量子色动力学临界点的一个特征。我们报告了净质子数（净重子数的替代量）分布的峰度乘以方差随(\sqrt{s_{NN}})的非单调变化的首个证据，在相对论重离子对撞机上使用螺线管追踪器测量的对头（中心）金金（Au + Au）碰撞中，其显著性为3.1(\sigma)。非中心Au + Au碰撞中的数据以及没有临界点的重离子碰撞模型显示出随(\sqrt{s_{NN}})的单调变化。