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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.
Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Mar 5;126(9):092301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.092301.
Nonmonotonic variation with collision energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the quantum chromodynamics critical point. We report the first evidence of a nonmonotonic variation in the kurtosis times variance of the net-proton number (proxy for net-baryon number) distribution as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}] with 3.1 σ significance for head-on (central) gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions measured solenoidal tracker at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data in noncentral Au+Au collisions and models of heavy-ion collisions without a critical point show a monotonic variation as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}].
重离子碰撞中净重子数分布矩随碰撞能量（(\sqrt{s_{NN}})）的非单调变化与系统的关联长度和磁化率有关，被认为是量子色动力学临界点的一个特征。我们报告了净质子数（净重子数的替代量）分布的峰度乘以方差随(\sqrt{s_{NN}})的非单调变化的首个证据，在相对论重离子对撞机上使用螺线管追踪器测量的对头（中心）金金（Au + Au）碰撞中，其显著性为3.1(\sigma)。非中心Au + Au碰撞中的数据以及没有临界点的重离子碰撞模型显示出随(\sqrt{s_{NN}})的单调变化。
