Denniss Emily, Woods Julie, Lawrence Mark
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125 Victoria, Australia.
Health Promot Int. 2021 Dec 23;36(6):1633-1643. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daab013.
Consumption of healthy and sustainable diets (HSD) provides opportunities to co-benefit human health and adapt to and mitigate climate change. Despite robust evidence and policy recommendations from authoritative groups to reorientate the food system to favour consumption of HSD there has been limited policy action. This study investigated potential barriers and enablers for successful HSD policies in Australia. A review of HSD policy recommendations and of current Australian policies was undertaken. Results from the reviews informed a Delphi study, which investigated Australian stakeholder opinions on the effectiveness of HSD policy recommendations and barriers and enablers to creating successful HSD policies. Nine participants completed two Delphi iterations. A lack of consensus was reached on the effectiveness of policy recommendations. Consensus was reached on the effect of five barriers and three enablers. Key barriers were: the complex nature of the food system, competing interests of stakeholders, pressure from industry, government silos and lack of political will. Key enablers were: building relationships with key stakeholders across multiple disciplines and sectors, understanding the policy making process and developing a clear and coherent solution. Most of the identified barriers fall under the broad category of lack of political will. Interrelationships between barriers are likely worsening the impact of inadequate political will. There is a need to act on the identified barriers and enablers to secure the HSD policies that are required. Interactions between barriers may present an opportunity to address them simultaneously.
食用健康且可持续的饮食（HSD）为促进人类健康以及适应和缓解气候变化带来了共同受益的机会。尽管有权威组织提供了有力证据和政策建议，以重新调整食品系统，使其更有利于HSD的消费，但政策行动仍然有限。本研究调查了澳大利亚成功实施HSD政策的潜在障碍和推动因素。对HSD政策建议和澳大利亚现行政策进行了审查。审查结果为一项德尔菲研究提供了信息，该研究调查了澳大利亚利益相关者对HSD政策建议的有效性以及制定成功的HSD政策的障碍和推动因素的看法。九名参与者完成了两轮德尔菲调查。对于政策建议的有效性未能达成共识。就五个障碍和三个推动因素的影响达成了共识。关键障碍包括：食品系统的复杂性、利益相关者的利益冲突、行业压力、政府部门各自为政以及缺乏政治意愿。关键推动因素包括：与多个学科和部门的关键利益相关者建立关系、了解政策制定过程以及制定清晰连贯的解决方案。大多数已确定的障碍属于缺乏政治意愿这一广泛类别。障碍之间的相互关系可能会加剧政治意愿不足的影响。有必要针对已确定的障碍和推动因素采取行动，以确保所需的HSD政策得以实施。障碍之间的相互作用可能提供了同时解决这些问题的机会。
