Division of Pediatrics, "F. Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Sleep Med. 2021 May;81:300-306. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.054. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
Several evidences demonstrate that pre-sleep habits may negatively impact adolescent sleep, yet few data exist on Italian population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-sleep habits, use of technology/activity and sleep in Italian adolescents.
Self-report questionnaires including Italian version of School Sleep Habits Survey and use of technology/activity (eg smartphone, PC) at bedtime were administered to 972 adolescents (13-19 years) from Lombardia. We stratified the sample in five groups according to the age: Group I (13-14 years), Group II (15 years), Group III (16 years), Group IV (17 years), Group V (18-19 years).
Our descriptive analysis reveals a different sleep profile across age-groups: Group III showed highest percentage of bad sleep (26.7%) and frequent nocturnal awakenings (24.1%), Group V had the highest percentage of insufficient sleep (40,4%) and difficulty falling asleep (42.7%) and Group IV presented an elevated difficulty in waking up in the morning (70.1%). A significant negative correlation was found in total group between use of smartphone, internet and studying/doing homework and total sleep time. The use of smartphone, internet videogames, listening to music and studying/doing homework was positively associated with delayed bedtime.
This study confirms the great impact of pre-sleep habits, and in particular the use of technology on adolescent sleep. Our results demonstrate that sleep is strongly altered among Italian adolescents using electronic devices in evening. The type of technology may be related to specific sleep profile, emphasizing the importance of stratification analyses to identify associated factors to sleep problems.
有几项证据表明，睡前习惯可能会对青少年的睡眠产生负面影响，但针对意大利人群的数据却很少。本研究旨在调查意大利青少年的睡前习惯、技术/活动使用与睡眠之间的关系。
对来自伦巴第大区的 972 名青少年（13-19 岁）进行了自我报告问卷调查，包括意大利版学校睡眠习惯调查和睡前使用技术/活动（如智能手机、PC）的情况。我们根据年龄将样本分为五组：第 I 组（13-14 岁）、第 II 组（15 岁）、第 III 组（16 岁）、第 IV 组（17 岁）、第 V 组（18-19 岁）。
我们的描述性分析显示，不同年龄组的睡眠状况存在差异：第 III 组的睡眠质量差（26.7%）和夜间频繁醒来（24.1%）的比例最高，第 V 组的睡眠不足（40.4%）和入睡困难（42.7%）的比例最高，第 IV 组早上起床困难（70.1%）的比例最高。总人群中智能手机、互联网和学习/做作业的使用与总睡眠时间之间存在显著负相关。智能手机、互联网视频游戏、听音乐和学习/做作业的使用与晚睡时间呈正相关。
本研究证实了睡前习惯，特别是使用技术对青少年睡眠的巨大影响。我们的结果表明，意大利青少年在晚上使用电子设备会严重改变睡眠。技术类型可能与特定的睡眠模式有关，强调了分层分析以确定与睡眠问题相关因素的重要性。
