Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India.
Deputy Director, Epidemiology Division, National Centre for Diseases Control, Delhi, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2021 Jan;65(Supplement):S5-S9. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_960_20.
Of 1115 measles outbreaks during 2015 in India, 61,255 suspected measles cases were reported. In 2016, a measles outbreak was reported at East and West Jaintia Hills districts in Meghalaya State, India.
The outbreak was investigated to describe the epidemiology, estimate vaccination coverage and vaccine effectiveness (VE), determine risk factors for the disease, and recommend control and prevention measures.
A measles case was defined as new-onset fever with maculopapular rash occurring between May 1, 2016, and January 21, 2017, in a resident of East and West Jaintia Hills. Cases were identified by active and passive surveillance. Serum and urine samples were collected from cases with laboratory diagnosis for confirmation. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to estimate vaccination coverage, VE, and risk factors for the disease.
We identified 382 cases (51% female). The attack rate was 24% with three deaths. The case fatality rate was <1%. The median age was 4 years (range: 3 months-12 years). Among children 12-60 months, 128 (56%) received measles-containing-vaccine first-dose (MCV1), 85 (37%) received measles-containing-vaccine second-dose (MCV2), and 80 (35%) received Vitamin A. VE for MCV1 was 78% and for MCV2 94%. Being unvaccinated for MCV1 (relative risk [RR] = 9.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.6-20.5) and MCV2 (RR = 17.4, 95% CI = 4.3-69.4) were both strongly associated with illness.
Poor vaccination coverage led to the measles outbreak in East and West Jaintia Hills districts of Meghalaya. Strengthening the routine immunization systems and improving Vitamin A uptake is essential to prevent further outbreaks.
2015 年印度发生了 1115 起麻疹疫情，报告了 61255 例疑似麻疹病例。2016 年，印度梅加拉亚邦的东、西詹西亚山地区爆发了麻疹疫情。
调查疫情以描述流行病学特征，评估疫苗接种覆盖率和疫苗效力（VE），确定疾病的危险因素，并提出控制和预防措施。
麻疹病例定义为 2016 年 5 月 1 日至 2017 年 1 月 21 日期间在东、西詹西亚山地区居住的新发病例，出现发热伴斑丘疹。通过主动和被动监测发现病例。对有实验室诊断的病例采集血清和尿液样本进行确认。采用回顾性队列研究估计疫苗接种覆盖率、VE 和疾病的危险因素。
共发现 382 例病例（51%为女性）。发病率为 24%，有 3 例死亡。病死率<1%。中位数年龄为 4 岁（范围：3 个月至 12 岁）。12-60 月龄儿童中，128 例（56%）接种了麻疹疫苗 1 剂（MCV1），85 例（37%）接种了麻疹疫苗 2 剂（MCV2），80 例（35%）服用了维生素 A。MCV1 的 VE 为 78%，MCV2 的 VE 为 94%。未接种 MCV1（相对危险度 [RR] = 9.7，95%置信区间 [CI] = 4.6-20.5）和 MCV2（RR = 17.4，95% CI = 4.3-69.4）均与发病强烈相关。
麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率低导致梅加拉亚邦东、西詹西亚山地区爆发麻疹疫情。加强常规免疫接种系统和提高维生素 A 摄入量对于预防进一步的疫情爆发至关重要。
