Gralnick A
High Point Hospital, Port Chester, New York 10573.
Psychiatr Q. 1988 Spring;59(1):3-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01064288.
How a psychiatric hospital may be viewed will depend on how its professionals think about the origins and treatment of the mental disorders. If the illness is considered physical in origin, the hospital dealing with it will give medications and apply physical methods of therapy with the aim of discharging the patient rapidly. If one regards the mental disorder as having social origins the institution will deal with its social factors as important to the therapeutic process. It will design itself as a therapeutic community and consider itself primarily as such. The physical aspects of treatment will be thought of as secondary to the social ones. One may think of a psychiatric hospital as a particular type of society or culture. In this culture the patient and staff are immersed and interact in the therapeutic process. It is to this culture that the patient must adapt. It is in this culture that physical treatments and social factors are brought to bear on the patient. This culture must in turn impact on the patient for better or worse. This view requires a study of the elements which make the hospital's culture. It needs a knowledge of the larger culture and an awareness of its own impact on the institution. The value-system of the hospital also has a place of importance. This paper deals with the above and elements important to a psychiatric hospital which views itself as a culture.
人们如何看待精神病院将取决于其专业人员如何看待精神障碍的起源和治疗。如果认为疾病起源于身体，那么治疗该疾病的医院会给予药物治疗并采用物理治疗方法，目的是让患者尽快出院。如果认为精神障碍具有社会根源，那么该机构会将其社会因素视为治疗过程的重要因素。它会将自身设计成一个治疗社区，并主要将自己视为这样一个社区。治疗的身体方面将被认为次于社会方面。人们可以将精神病院视为一种特殊类型的社会或文化。在这种文化中，患者和工作人员沉浸其中并在治疗过程中相互作用。患者必须适应这种文化。正是在这种文化中，物理治疗和社会因素作用于患者。反过来，这种文化必然会对患者产生或好或坏的影响。这种观点需要研究构成医院文化的要素。它需要了解更广泛的文化并意识到其自身对该机构的影响。医院的价值体系也具有重要地位。本文探讨上述内容以及对将自身视为一种文化的精神病院至关重要的要素。
