Carmelli D, Rosenman R H, Swan G E
Health Sciences Department, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025.
Psychosom Med. 1988 Mar-Apr;50(2):165-74. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198803000-00006.
Thirty-seven pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 60 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) middle-aged, male, American twins were studied to determine the heritability of the Cook and Medley Hostility (HO) scale and its two subscales, Cynicism and Paranoid Alienation. No clear evidence for a significant genetic component was indicated for the full HO scale and the Paranoid Alienation subscale. Scores on these scales were found to be associated with age, socioeconomic status, the twinning condition, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) K scale. DZ twins scored higher than MZ on HO and Cynicism, and lower on the MMPI K scale. Statistical adjustments for age and socioeconomic status removed twin mean differences and weakened MZ intrapair correlations on the HO scale but did not change overall conclusions regarding heritability. After the association with K was partialled out from these scales and retested for heritability, both HO and Paranoid Alienation showed a weaker twin pair similarity than that observed in the unadjusted scales. However, Cynicism, the scale with the greatest item overlap with the K scale, was not affected by the adjustment. Since no genetic component was evident for the K scale in this sample it was concluded that if a genetic influence in these MMPI scales is present, it is mostly in the Cynicism subscale of HO.
对37对单卵（MZ）和60对双卵（DZ）的中年美国男性双胞胎进行了研究，以确定库克和梅德利敌意（HO）量表及其两个子量表——愤世嫉俗和偏执疏离的遗传度。对于完整的HO量表和偏执疏离子量表，未发现明显的显著遗传成分证据。发现这些量表的得分与年龄、社会经济地位、双胞胎情况以及明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）的K量表有关。在HO量表和愤世嫉俗量表上，DZ双胞胎的得分高于MZ双胞胎，而在MMPI K量表上得分更低。对年龄和社会经济地位进行统计调整后，消除了双胞胎的平均差异，并削弱了HO量表上MZ双胞胎对内的相关性，但并未改变关于遗传度的总体结论。在从这些量表中剔除与K量表的相关性并重新测试遗传度后，HO量表和偏执疏离量表显示出的双胞胎对相似性比未调整量表中观察到的要弱。然而，与K量表项目重叠最大的愤世嫉俗量表并未受到调整的影响。由于在该样本中K量表没有明显的遗传成分，因此得出结论：如果这些MMPI量表中存在遗传影响，那么主要存在于HO量表的愤世嫉俗子量表中。
