King G L
Department of Physiology, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-5145.
Radiat Res. 1988 Jun;114(3):599-612.
Forty-eight ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were individually head-shielded and radiated with bilateral 60Co gamma radiation at 100 cGy min-1 at doses ranging between 49 and 601 cGy. The emetic threshold was observed at 69 cGy, the ED50 was calculated at 77 cGy, and 100% incidence of emesis occurred at 201 cGy. With increasing doses of radiation, the latency to first emesis after radiation decreased dramatically, whereas the duration of the prodromal period increased. Two other sets of experiments suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms play a minor role in radiation-induced emesis in the ferret. Twenty-two animals were injected either intravenously or subcutaneously with 30 to 300 micrograms/kg of apomorphine. Fewer than 50% of the animals vomited to 300 micrograms/kg apomorphine; central dopaminergic receptor activation was apparent at all doses. Another eight animals received 1 mg/kg domperidone prior to either 201 (n = 4) or 401 (n = 4) cGy radiation and their emetic responses were compared with NaCl-injected-irradiated controls (n = 8). At 201 cGy, domperidone significantly reduced only the total time in emetic behavior. At 401 cGy, domperidone had no salutary effect on radiation-induced emesis. The emetic responses of the ferret to radiation and apomorphine are compared with these responses in other vomiting species.
48只雪貂（白鼬）被单独进行头部防护，并以100 cGy/min的剂量接受双侧60Coγ射线照射，照射剂量范围为49至601 cGy。催吐阈值在69 cGy时观察到，半数有效剂量（ED50）计算为77 cGy，在201 cGy时呕吐发生率达100%。随着辐射剂量增加，辐射后首次呕吐的潜伏期显著缩短，而前驱期持续时间增加。另外两组实验表明，多巴胺能机制在雪貂辐射诱导的呕吐中起次要作用。22只动物静脉或皮下注射30至300微克/千克的阿扑吗啡。不到50%的动物对300微克/千克阿扑吗啡产生呕吐反应；所有剂量下中枢多巴胺能受体激活均明显。另外8只动物在接受201（n = 4）或401（n = 4）cGy辐射前接受1毫克/千克多潘立酮，并将其呕吐反应与注射氯化钠的辐射对照动物（n = 8）进行比较。在201 cGy时，多潘立酮仅显著缩短了呕吐行为的总时间。在401 cGy时，多潘立酮对辐射诱导的呕吐没有有益作用。将雪貂对辐射和阿扑吗啡的呕吐反应与其他呕吐物种的这些反应进行了比较。
