The International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Basic Res Cardiol. 2021 Mar 23;116(1):22. doi: 10.1007/s00395-021-00859-7.
Adenosine is an ubiquitous extracellular signaling molecule and plays a fundamental role in the regulation of coronary microcirculation through activation of adenosine receptors (ARs). Adenosine is regulated by various enzymes and nucleoside transporters for its balance between intra- and extracellular compartments. Adenosine-mediated coronary microvascular tone and reactive hyperemia are through receptors mainly involving AR activation on both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but also involving interaction among other ARs. Activation of ARs further stimulates downstream targets of HO, K, K and K channels leading to coronary vasodilation. An altered adenosine-ARs signaling in coronary microcirculation has been observed in several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Adenosine as a metabolite and its receptors have been studied for its both therapeutic and diagnostic abilities. The present review summarizes important aspects of adenosine metabolism and AR-mediated actions in the coronary microcirculation.
腺苷是一种普遍存在的细胞外信号分子，通过激活腺苷受体（AR）在调节冠状动脉微循环中起着至关重要的作用。腺苷通过各种酶和核苷转运体来调节其在细胞内外间隙的平衡。腺苷介导的冠状动脉微血管张力和反应性充血是通过受体实现的，主要涉及内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞上的 AR 激活，但也涉及其他 AR 之间的相互作用。AR 的激活进一步刺激 HO、K、K 和 K 通道的下游靶标，导致冠状动脉扩张。在包括高血压、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化和缺血性心脏病在内的几种心血管疾病中，已经观察到冠状动脉微循环中腺苷-AR 信号的改变。作为一种代谢物，腺苷及其受体因其治疗和诊断能力而受到研究。本综述总结了腺苷代谢和 AR 介导的冠状动脉微循环作用的重要方面。
