Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
Acoustic Research Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore.
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 23;11(1):6689. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85063-2.
Dolphins use their biosonar to discriminate objects with different features through the returning echoes. Cross-modal matching experiments were conducted with a resident bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). Four types of objects composed of different materials (water-filled PVC pipes, air-filled PVC pipes, foam ball arrays, and PVC pipes wrapped in closed-cell foam) were used in the experiments, respectively. The size and position of the objects remained the same in each case. The data collected in the experiment showed that the dolphin's matching accuracy was significantly different across the cases. To gain insight into the underlying mechanism in the experiments, we used finite element methods to construct two-dimensional target detection models of an echolocating dolphin in the vertical plane, based on computed tomography scan data. The acoustic processes of the click's interaction with the objects and the surrounding media in the four cases were simulated and compared. The simulation results provide some possible explanations for why the dolphin performed differently when discriminating the objects that only differed in material composition in the previous matching experiments.
海豚通过回声来区分具有不同特征的物体。利用一只居留型宽吻海豚（Tursiops aduncus）进行了跨模态匹配实验。实验中分别使用了由不同材料（充水 PVC 管、充气 PVC 管、泡沫球阵列和包裹闭孔泡沫的 PVC 管）制成的 4 种类型的物体。在每种情况下，物体的大小和位置均保持不变。实验中收集的数据表明，海豚在不同情况下的匹配准确率有显著差异。为了深入了解实验中的潜在机制，我们使用有限元方法，基于计算机断层扫描数据，构建了垂直平面中回声定位海豚的二维目标检测模型。模拟并比较了四种情况下点击与物体和周围介质相互作用的声学过程。模拟结果为为什么海豚在之前的匹配实验中，当区分仅在材料组成上有所不同的物体时表现不同，提供了一些可能的解释。
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