Martelli Paolo, Krishnasamy Karthiyani
Ocean Park Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Hong Kong, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 13;13(14):2299. doi: 10.3390/ani13142299.
The overarching goal of a preventative medicine program is to minimize the chances of health problems developing and to maximize the chances of detecting health problems early, in a manner that best benefits the animals and the organization. The traditional paradigms of animal welfare, stemming from the five freedoms and being progressively fleshed out to five domains, the 24/7 approach and so forth do not apply perfectly to zoological collections and less so to animals undergoing veterinary treatments. The physiology and behaviour of animals undergoing veterinary treatments, including therapeutic, quarantine and preventative medicine, are derailed from their normal states and their choices and comfort are de facto limited. A paradigm separating animal wellbeing from animal welfare is necessary to instil clarity of thought and to guide actions in regard to the welfare of animals under human care. Using such a model, preventative medicine programs emerge as a cornerstone of zoo and aquarium animal welfare, all the more if it incorporates modern veterinary and husbandry techniques, including operant conditioning.
预防性医学计划的首要目标是以最有利于动物和机构的方式，将健康问题发生的几率降至最低，并将早期发现健康问题的几率最大化。传统的动物福利范式源于“五大自由”，并逐渐细化为“五个领域”、“全天候”方法等，但并不完全适用于动物园的动物群体，对于接受兽医治疗的动物更是如此。接受兽医治疗（包括治疗性、检疫性和预防性医学）的动物的生理和行为偏离了正常状态，它们的选择和舒适度实际上受到了限制。将动物福祉与动物福利区分开来的范式对于理清思路以及指导人类照料下动物的福利行动是必要的。使用这样一个模型，预防性医学计划成为动物园和水族馆动物福利的基石，如果它融入现代兽医和饲养技术，包括操作性条件反射，其作用就更加显著。
