J Clin Invest. 2021 Apr 15;131(8). doi: 10.1172/JCI142242.
As part of the centennial celebration of insulin's discovery, this review summarizes the current understanding of the genetics, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcomes in type 1 diabetes (T1D). T1D results from an autoimmune response that leads to destruction of the β cells in the pancreatic islet and requires lifelong insulin therapy. While much has been learned about T1D, it is now clear that there is considerable heterogeneity in T1D with regard to genetics, pathology, response to immune-based therapies, clinical course, and susceptibility to diabetes-related complications. This Review highlights knowledge gaps and opportunities to improve the understanding of T1D pathogenesis and outlines emerging therapies to treat or prevent T1D and reduce the burden of T1D.
作为胰岛素发现百年纪念的一部分，本综述总结了目前对 1 型糖尿病（T1D）的遗传学、发病机制、治疗和结局的理解。T1D 是由自身免疫反应引起的，导致胰腺胰岛β细胞的破坏，需要终身胰岛素治疗。虽然人们对 T1D 有了很多了解，但现在很明显，T1D 在遗传学、病理学、对免疫治疗的反应、临床过程和对糖尿病相关并发症的易感性方面存在相当大的异质性。本综述强调了知识空白和机会，以提高对 T1D 发病机制的理解，并概述了新兴的治疗方法，以治疗或预防 T1D 并减轻 T1D 的负担。
