Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Endocr Rev. 2021 Sep 28;42(5):605-657. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnab010.
This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet-including its structure, cell composition, development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key discoveries about human islets over the past century, we describe new research approaches and technologies that are being used to study human islets and how these are providing insight into human islet physiology and pathophysiology. We also describe changes or adaptations in human islets in response to physiologic challenges such as pregnancy, aging, and insulin resistance and discuss islet changes in human diabetes of many forms. We outline current and future interventions being developed to protect, restore, or replace human islets. The review also highlights unresolved questions about human islets and proposes areas where additional research on human islets is needed.
这篇综述专注于人类胰岛——包括其结构、细胞组成、发育、功能和功能障碍。在提供了过去一个世纪中关于人类胰岛的关键发现的时间轴之后，我们描述了正在用于研究人类胰岛的新研究方法和技术，以及这些方法和技术如何为人类胰岛生理学和病理生理学提供深入了解。我们还描述了人类胰岛在应对生理挑战（如妊娠、衰老和胰岛素抵抗）时的变化或适应，并讨论了多种形式的人类糖尿病中胰岛的变化。我们概述了目前和未来正在开发的用于保护、恢复或替代人类胰岛的干预措施。该综述还突出了关于人类胰岛的未解决问题，并提出了需要进一步研究人类胰岛的领域。
