Stewardship of physiotherapy services in Iran: common pitfalls and policy solutions.

Physiotherapy (PT) is a key component of the rehabilitative health strategy and an effective approach to the management and treatment of a wide range of health conditions. However, it remains underdeveloped and poorly implemented in many national health systems. Previous studies show that weak stewardship of rehabilitation services is, among others, a significant barrier to equitable access to services and supports in many parts of the world, including in Iran. This study investigated the common pitfalls and potential policy solutions to improve the stewardship of PT services in Iran from the perspective of key stakeholders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone, via the internet, and in face-to-face sessions in Iran with a purposive sample of health planners and policy decision-makers, university professors, rehabilitation managers, and physiotherapists. In total, 30 individuals agreed to participate. Participants identified several pitfalls across the six dimensions of stewardship: 1) strategy formulation; 2) inter-sectoral collaboration; 3) governance and accountability; 4) health system design; 5) policy and regulation; and 6) intelligence generation. In addition, several policy options and solutions to address critical deficiencies in the system were suggested to improve the stewardship of PT services. The study identified challenges and pitfalls affecting the stewardship of the PT sector in Iran as perceived by key stakeholders. Participants' insights can inform deliberative dialogue processes, agenda-setting, and strategy formulation to support the development, expansion, and implementation of PT services.