The George Washington University, United States; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.
The George Washington University, United States.
Brain Cogn. 2021 Jun;150:105721. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105721. Epub 2021 Mar 21.
The current study investigated how exposure to a conflict stimulus influences the judgment of a subsequent stimulus's valence. We used an affective priming paradigm, presenting a color Stroop stimulus as a prime and a face as a target for an emotion recognition task. When the task for the prime was passive viewing (Experiment 1), congruent primes resulted in faster responses to emotionally positive targets than negative targets. However, this positivity bias disappeared following incongruent primes. In Experiment 2, instead of passive viewing, participants were asked to indicate the congruency of the prime, and the positivity bias was significant following the congruent prime but not following the incongruent prime. In Experiments 3 and 4, participants performed the conventional Stroop task on the prime, therefore resolving the conflict when the prime was incongruent. Experiment 3 adopted an equal proportion of congruent and incongruent primes. Experiment 4 adopted twice as many congruent primes as incongruent primes. In both experiments, the positivity bias was not significant regardless of the congruency of the prime. These results suggest that detecting conflict may interfere with positive affect or promote negative affect, therefore reducing the positivity bias. Once the conflict is resolved, however, the negative valence may disappear.
本研究考察了冲突刺激的暴露如何影响后续刺激效价的判断。我们使用情感启动范式，以颜色斯特鲁普刺激作为启动，以面孔作为情绪识别任务的目标。当启动任务为被动观察时（实验 1），与情绪积极的目标相比，一致的启动刺激会导致对情绪消极目标的反应更快。然而，在不一致的启动之后，这种正性偏差消失了。在实验 2 中，参与者被要求在启动时指示启动的一致性，而在一致的启动之后，而不是在不一致的启动之后，正性偏差是显著的。在实验 3 和 4 中，参与者对启动执行传统的斯特鲁普任务，因此在启动不一致时解决了冲突。实验 3 采用了相同比例的一致和不一致的启动。实验 4 采用了两倍多的一致启动，而不一致的启动只有一半。在这两个实验中，无论启动的一致性如何，正性偏差都不显著。这些结果表明，检测冲突可能会干扰积极情绪或促进消极情绪，从而减少正性偏差。然而，一旦冲突得到解决，负性效价可能会消失。
